{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:13:09Z","timestamp":1791227589886,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"university library of the University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Central neurocytomas (CNs), classified as CNS (central nervous system) grade 2 tumors, are exceptionally rare tumors, accounting for approximately 0.1\u20130.5% of all intracranial neoplasms, and are typically characterized by a benign clinical course and frequent association with hydrocephalus. This study aims to present a comprehensive analysis of surgical and adjuvant therapies for CN. Methods: The study comprised all patients who underwent microsurgical tumor removal in our center over the past decade (2013\u20132023). Clinical manifestations, surgical and adjuvant therapy approaches, MRI and histological findings, clinical outcomes, and recurrence-free survival were evaluated. Results: A total of eleven patients (six men, mean age of 28.0 years; five women, mean age of 53.6 years) underwent surgical treatment. Intraventricular tumors were the most common (72.7%, n = 8). The predominant presenting symptoms were headache and visual disturbances. All tumors exhibited contrast enhancement on MRI. Hydrocephalus was present in five patients. The Ki67 proliferation index ranged from 2% to 10%, with nine patients exhibiting Ki67 &gt; 3%. The median recurrence-free survival was 38.0 months (IQR: 25.0\u201353.0). The most severe postoperative complications included aphasia, hemiparesis, and memory impairment, resulting in a postoperative Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) below 70% in five patients. Follow-up assessments showed significant symptomatic improvement in all affected patients. Conclusions: Gross total resection is the recommended first-line therapy with favorable neurological outcomes and for atypical CN as well. Adjuvant radiotherapy should be reserved for tumor progression and recurrence. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy remains unclear, but it may be an option for CN with a high proliferation index.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17122005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T06:40:27Z","timestamp":1750056027000},"page":"2005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Treatment of Central Neurocytoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1420-5878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Michel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3185-2391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Rodemerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8348-4298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laur\u00e8l","family":"Rauschenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Division Translational Neurooncology at the West German Cancer Center (WTZ), DKTK Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9297-9030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pikria","family":"Ketelauri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleh","family":"Danylyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8356-6629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramazan","family":"Jabbarli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Dammann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Kathrin","family":"Uerschels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marvin","family":"Darkwah Oppong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0054-1611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Gembruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3759-8301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahya","family":"Ahmadipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8063-9765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Junker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9073-1821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich","family":"Sure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten Henning","family":"Wrede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstra\u00dfe 55, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NEON.0000014541.87329.3b","article-title":"Central neurocytoma: A 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