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Despite advances in chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies, challenges such as drug resistance and relapse persist, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. This review explores the cytotoxic potential of venoms derived from snakes, bees, and scorpions against leukemia and lymphoma cells. Numerous venom-derived components, such as L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), and peptides like melittin, demonstrate selective antitumor activity through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and immunomodulation. These molecules exert their effects via mitochondrial pathways, caspase activation, and inhibition of pro-survival signaling cascades such as NF-\u03baB and PI3K\/Akt. Despite promising preclinical results, the clinical translation of these bioactive compounds remains limited due to challenges in standardization, delivery, and safety profiling. This review highlights recent advances in venom research, summarizes key molecular targets, and discusses future directions to harness venom-derived molecules as innovative therapies for hematological cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17142331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T07:54:23Z","timestamp":1752479663000},"page":"2331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Animal Venoms as Potential Antitumor Agents Against Leukemia and Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8825-3708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geovanna M.","family":"Malachias-Pires","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Bioscience and Biotechonology Applied to Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 19060-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1566-1867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloise T. M.","family":"Filardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Bioscience and Biotechonology Applied to Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 19060-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"Romanazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Bioscience and Biotechonology Applied to Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 19060-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Lopes-de-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela C. dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Bioscience and Biotechonology Applied to Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 19060-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Melo-dos-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Bioscience and Biotechonology Applied to Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 19060-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Beatriz","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Proc\u00f3pio Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Bioscience and Biotechonology Applied to Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 19060-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago A. da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Bioscience and Biotechonology Applied to Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 19060-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2594-7068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela B.","family":"Pucca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Bioscience and Biotechonology Applied to Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 19060-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zona Rubio, D.C., Arag\u00f3n, D.M., and Almeida Alves, I. 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