{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:49:27Z","timestamp":1789674567067,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010438","name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMN0000067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMN0000067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) remain a problematic area in endocrine oncology due to their non-specific symptoms and lack of reliable biomarkers. Visfatin\/eNAMPT\u2019s involvement in tumorigenesis has been described in several malignancies. In NETs, NAMPT inhibition was explored as a potential therapeutic option; however, serum visfatin and its role as a biomarker have not been studied. Objectives: We aimed to measure serum visfatin concentrations in NETs and evaluate visfatin\u2019s potential as a diagnostic biomarker. Methods: We conducted a single-center, cross-sectional study of 77 patients with NETs (33 pancreatic and 44 small intestinal) and 29 controls. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and clinical data were analyzed, and serum visfatin levels were measured using ELISA. Statistical analyses were performed in Python, including Mann\u2013Whitney U and Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests, Spearman\u2019s correlation, multiple linear regression, and ROC curve analysis. Results: Serum visfatin was higher in NETs compared to controls (median [IQR]: 6.94 [2.11\u2013236.17] vs. 1.59 [1.1\u20139.24] ng\/mL, p = 0.004). ROC curves showed moderate diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.68), with concentrations above 2.11 ng\/mL achieving 75.3% sensitivity and 58.6% specificity. In NETs, visfatin did not differ based on WHO grade (G1\/G2, p = 0.31), primary site (pancreas\/small intestine, p = 0.95), sex (p = 0.89), age (p = 0.13), and when stratified by primary site and grade (p = 0.18). Multiple linear regression confirmed no association between visfatin and the study variables (R-squared = 0.036, all p &gt; 0.2). Conclusions: This is the first study examining serum visfatin as a diagnostic biomarker in NETs. Visfatin concentrations show moderate discriminatory ability between NETs and controls, independent of tumor and clinical characteristics. Further research should involve larger cohorts and comparisons to established biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17142343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T11:52:58Z","timestamp":1752580378000},"page":"2343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Serum Visfatin\/eNAMPT as a Biomarker in Pancreatic and Small Intestine Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Cross-Sectional Study and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6548-0613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Komarnicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5381-3211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Maciejewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Musia\u0142kiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michalina","family":"Czupi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1929-3275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Mastorakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6296-7220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Rucha\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Gut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnz004","article-title":"Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Neoplasms","volume":"41","author":"Hofland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komarnicki, P., Musia\u0142kiewicz, J., Sta\u0144ska, A., Maciejewski, A., Gut, P., Mastorakos, G., and Rucha\u0142a, M. (2022). Circulating Neuroendocrine Tumor Biomarkers: Past, Present and Future. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195542"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2024.12.020","article-title":"Prevalence of Second Primary Malignancies in Patients With Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"31","author":"Komarnicki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.10.004","article-title":"A Short History of Neuroendocrine Tumours and Their Peptide Hormones","volume":"30","author":"Rehfeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e435","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00186-2","article-title":"Consensus on Biomarkers for Neuroendocrine Tumour Disease","volume":"16","author":"Oberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komarnicki, P., Gut, P., Cie\u015blewicz, M., Musia\u0142kiewicz, J., Maciejewski, A., Czupi\u0144ska, M., Mastorakos, G., and Rucha\u0142a, M. (2024). Serum \u03b2-HCG as a Biomarker in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Rethinking Single-Analyte Approach. Cancers., 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16112060"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Semerena, E., Nencioni, A., and Masternak, K. (2023). Extracellular Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase: Role in Disease Pathophysiology and as a Biomarker. Front. Immunol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1268756"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00354-w","article-title":"NAD+ Metabolism, Stemness, the Immune Response, and Cancer","volume":"6","author":"Navas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12420","article-title":"Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT\/PBEF\/Visfatin) Is a Tumoural Cytokine Released from Melanoma","volume":"28","author":"Grolla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20420188221090005","DOI":"10.1177\/20420188221090005","article-title":"Is ENAMPT\/Visfatin a Potential Serum Marker of Papillary Thyroid Cancer?","volume":"13","author":"Derwich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5011","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27302","article-title":"Circulating Visfatin Levels and Cancers Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"234","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1201","article-title":"Visfatin in Overweight\/Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Meta-Analysis and Systemic Review","volume":"27","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes. Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0867-1333","article-title":"Visfatin Level and The Risk of Hypertension and Cerebrovascular Accident: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"51","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.188946","article-title":"Visceral Fat Area Is an Independent Predictive Biomarker of Outcome after First-Line Bevacizumab-Based Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer","volume":"59","author":"Guiu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109516","article-title":"NAD+ Supplement Potentiates Tumor-Killing Function by Rescuing Defective TUB-Mediated NAMPT Transcription in Tumor-Infiltrated T Cells","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2020-0377","article-title":"The Role of Visfatin and Resistin in an in Vitro Model of Obesity-Induced Invasive Liver Cancer","volume":"99","author":"Miethe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2023.04.003","article-title":"Obesity and Multiple Myeloma: Emerging Mechanisms and Perspectives","volume":"92","author":"Tentolouris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2021.08.001","article-title":"Circulating Mir-140 and Leptin Improve the Accuracy of the Differential Diagnosis between Psoriatic Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case-Control Study","volume":"239","author":"Cheleschi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2020.95359","article-title":"Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels and Their Ratio as Possible Diagnostic Parameters of Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"58","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reumatologia"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.2478\/enr-2020-0002","article-title":"The Role of Adipose Tissue Secretion in the Creation and Pain Level in Osteoarthritis","volume":"54","author":"Askari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Regul."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2017.1401665","article-title":"Can Adipokines Serum Levels Be Used as Biomarkers of Hand Osteoarthritis?","volume":"23","author":"Fioravanti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colombo, G., Caviglia, G.P., Ravera, A., Tribocco, E., Frara, S., Rosso, C., Travelli, C., Genazzani, A.A., and Ribaldone, D.G. (2023). NAMPT and NAPRT Serum Levels Predict Response to Anti-TNF Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1116862"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neubauer, K., Bednarz-Misa, I., Walecka-Zacharska, E., Wierzbicki, J., Agrawal, A., Gamian, A., and Krzystek-Korpacka, M. (2019). Oversecretion and Overexpression of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase\/Pre-B Colony-Enhancing Factor\/Visfatin in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Reflects the Disease Activity, Severity of Inflammatory Response and Hypoxia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010166"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bime, C., Casanova, N.G., Camp, S.M., Oita, R.C., Ndukum, J., Hernon, V.R., Oh, D.K., Li, Y., Greer, P.J., and Whitcomb, D.C. (2022). Circulating ENAMPT as a Biomarker in the Critically Ill: Acute Pancreatitis, Sepsis, Trauma, and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. BMC Anesthesiol., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-022-01718-1"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Y.C., Lin, C.Y., Chen, Y.H., Chiu, W.C., Wang, Y.Y., Hsu, C., Hu, S.C.S., Su, Y.H., and Yuan, S.S.F. (2019). Essential Role of Visfatin in Lipopolysaccharide and Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071678"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mir, M.M., Mir, R., Alghamdi, M.A.A., Wani, J.I., Sabah, Z.U., Jeelani, M., Marakala, V., Sohail, S.K., O\u2019haj, M., and Alharthi, M.H. (2022). Differential Association of Selected Adipocytokines, Adiponectin, Leptin, Resistin, Visfatin and Chemerin, with the Pathogenesis and Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia: A Case Control Study. J. Pers. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12050735"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2021.05.003","article-title":"Circulating IRAPe, Irisin, and IL-34 in Relation to Insulin Resistance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Mostafa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3109\/00365513.2014.1003594","article-title":"Visfatin in Obese Children and Adolescents and Its Association with Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"75","author":"Nourbakhsh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2007.04.018","article-title":"The Relationship between Visfatin Levels and Anthropometric and Metabolic Parameters: Association with Cholesterol Levels in Women","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin, C., Hu, W., Wang, M., and Xiao, Y. (2019). The Role of the Adipocytokines Vaspin and Visfatin in Vascular Endothelial Function and Insulin Resistance in Obese Children. BMC Endocr. Disord., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-019-0452-6"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03248.x","article-title":"Increased Serum Visfatin in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Carotid Atherosclerosis","volume":"69","author":"Zhong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.51.6609","article-title":"Visfatin May Be a Novel Marker for Identifying Stages of Essential Hypertension in Advanced Age Patients","volume":"51","author":"Gunes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpv136","article-title":"Apelin and Visfatin Plasma Levels in Healthy Individuals With High Normal Blood Pressure","volume":"29","author":"Liakos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.07.025","article-title":"Admission Plasma Visfatin Level Strongly Correlates with Hematoma Growth and Early Neurologic Deterioration in Patients with Acute Spontaneous Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage","volume":"425","author":"Gu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2012.11.006","article-title":"High Concentrations of Visfatin in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Acute Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage Are Associated with Poor Outcome","volume":"39","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2013.09.016","article-title":"Plasma Visfatin, a Possible Prognostic Marker in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.17-363","article-title":"Nicotinamide Phosphate Transferase (NAMPT) Increases in Plasma in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes, and Promotes Macrophages to M2 Polarization","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-019-0455-5","article-title":"Association between Serum Visfatin Levels and Atherosclerotic Plaque in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2012.02728.x","article-title":"Adipokines: A Novel Link between Adiposity and Carotid Plaque Vulnerability","volume":"42","author":"Kadoglou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7859","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-3506-z","article-title":"Nicotinamide Phosphorybosiltransferase Overexpression in Thyroid Malignancies and Its Correlation with Tumor Stage and with Survivin\/Survivin DEx3 Expression","volume":"36","author":"Andrusiewicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szymanska, K., Rytelewska, E., Zaobidna, E., Kiezun, M., Gudelska, M., Kopij, G., Dobrzyn, K., Mlyczynska, E., Kurowska, P., and Kaminska, B. (2023). The Effect of Visfatin on the Functioning of the Porcine Pituitary Gland: An In Vitro Study. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12242835"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szymanska, K., Zaobidna, E., Rytelewska, E., Mlyczynska, E., Kurowska, P., Dobrzyn, K., Kiezun, M., Kaminska, B., Smolinska, N., and Rak, A. (2023). Visfatin in the Porcine Pituitary Gland: Expression and Regulation of Secretion during the Oestrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45255-4"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2024.152369","article-title":"Morphological Digital Assessment and Transcripts of Gastric and Duodenal Visfatin in Growing Piglets Fed with Increasing Amounts of Polyphenols from Olive Mill Waste Extract","volume":"258","author":"Marini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Anat. Anat. Anzeiger"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mpilla, G., Aboukameel, A., Muqbil, I., Kim, S., Beydoun, R., Philip, P.A., Mohammad, R.M., Kamgar, M., Shidham, V., and Senapedis, W. (2019). PAK4-NAMPT Dual Inhibition as a Novel Strategy for Therapy Resistant Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11121902"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2011.02733.x","article-title":"Expression Patterns of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase and Nicotinic Acid Phosphoribosyltransferase in Human Malignant Lymphomas","volume":"119","author":"Olesen","year":"2011","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12772","article-title":"Clinical Significance of Serum Adiponectin and Visfatin Levels in Endometrial Cancer","volume":"145","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2013.02.022","article-title":"Visfatin, a Potential Biomarker and Prognostic Factor for Endometrial Cancer","volume":"129","author":"Tian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2011.12.013","article-title":"Could Serum Visfatin Be a Potential Biomarker for Postmenopausal Breast Cancer?","volume":"71","author":"Dalamaga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7434","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-0548","article-title":"Gene Expression Profile Associated with Response to Doxorubicin-Based Therapy in Breast Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Carraro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s10059-010-0124-x","article-title":"Visfatin Stimulates Proliferation of MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2014.55.507","article-title":"Prognostic Value of Serum Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase in Patients with Bladder Cancer","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Croat. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2020.21.3.599","article-title":"The Possible Role of Adipokines in HCV Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Saber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2013.02.012","article-title":"Circulating Levels of Novel Adipocytokines in Patients with Colorectal Cancer","volume":"62","author":"Fazeli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"394","article-title":"Adipocytokine Levels of Colon Cancer Patients before and after Treatment","volume":"114","author":"Kosova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bratisl. Lek. Listy"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)01578-1","article-title":"A Profile of Differentially Expressed Genes in Primary Colorectal Cancer Using Suppression Subtractive Hybridization","volume":"463","author":"Hufton","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10584","article-title":"Target Validation for Genomics Using Peptide-Specific Phage Antibodies: A Study of Five Gene Products Overexpressed in Colorectal Cancer","volume":"101","author":"Moerkerk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.468","article-title":"NAMPT Overexpression in Prostate Cancer and Its Contribution to Tumor Cell Survival and Stress Response","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2009.10.001","article-title":"A Novel Role for the Adipokine Visfatin\/Pre-B Cell Colony-Enhancing Factor 1 in Prostate Carcinogenesis","volume":"31","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"1251","article-title":"Overexpression of Nampt in Gastric Cancer and Chemopotentiating Effects of the Nampt Inhibitor FK866 in Combination with Fluorouracil","volume":"26","author":"Bi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"839","article-title":"The Expression of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyl Transferase and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A in Gastric Carcinoma and Their Clinical Significance","volume":"50","author":"Long","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2020.10.045","article-title":"Adipocytokines Visfatin and Resistin in Breast Cancer: Clinical Relevance, Biological Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential","volume":"498","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cymbaluk-P\u0142oska, A., Chudecka-G\u0142az, A., Pius-Sadowska, E., Sompolska-Rzechu\u0142a, A., Machali\u0144ski, B., and Menkiszak, J. (2018). Circulating Serum Level of Visfatin in Patients with Endometrial Cancer. Biomed Res. Int., 2018.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8576179"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsgi.2006.04.007","article-title":"Decreased Plasma Visfatin Concentrations in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"13","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Soc. Gynecol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346300","article-title":"Increased Plasma Levels of Visfatin\/Pre-B Cell Colony-Enhancing Factor in Obese and Overweight Patients with Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Filippatos","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8095","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43630-3","article-title":"Niacin Restriction with NAMPT-Inhibition Is Synthetic Lethal to Neuroendocrine Carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Nomura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03315-9","article-title":"Tumors Carrying BRAF-Mutations over-Express NAMPT That Is Genetically Amplified and Possesses Oncogenic Properties","volume":"20","author":"Audrito","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Safari, M., Scotto, L., Litman, T., Petrukhin, L.A., Zhu, H., Shen, M., Robey, R.W., Hall, M.D., Fojo, T., and Bates, S.E. (2023). Novel Therapeutic Strategies Exploiting the Unique Properties of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15204960"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winter, J., Kunze, R., Veit, N., Kuerpig, S., Meisenheimer, M., Kraus, D., Glassmann, A., and Probstmeier, R. (2023). Targeting of Glucose Transport and the NAD Pathway in Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET) Cells Reveals New Treatment Options. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15051415"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-20-1105","article-title":"PAK4-NAMPT Dual Inhibition Sensitizes Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors to Everolimus","volume":"20","author":"Mpilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.116.177584","article-title":"NAMPT Inhibitor GMX1778 Enhances the Efficacy of 177Lu-DOTATATE Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"58","author":"Elf","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen, F., Gui, G., Wang, X., Ye, L., Qin, A., Zhou, C., and Zha, X. (2024). Drug Discovery Targeting Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT): Updated Progress and Perspectives. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 99.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2024.117595"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.11.007","article-title":"Druggable Growth Dependencies and Tumor Evolution Analysis in Patient-Derived Organoids of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms from Multiple Body Sites","volume":"41","author":"Dayton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"P465","article-title":"Increased Serum Visfatin in Neuroendocrine Tumors Shows Promise as a Diagnostic Biomarker: A Single-Center, Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"110","author":"Komarnicki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocr. Abstr."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/14\/2343\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:09:54Z","timestamp":1760033394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/14\/2343"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers17142343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers17142343","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]}}}