{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:26:37Z","timestamp":1788279997986,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Despite the inference about the cardiotoxicity induced by Carfilzomib, no validated risk prediction models for adverse cardiovascular events in a real-life population are available. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the risk stratification score for Carfilzomib-induced cardiotoxicity of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology and the International Cardio-Oncology Society (HFA-ICOS) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Methods: This is a prospective, real-world study including MM patients consecutively enrolled prior to starting Carfilzomib, divided into levels of risk according to the HFA-ICOS proforma. Results: Of 169 patients, 11.8% were classified as \u2018low risk\u2019, 38.5% as \u2018medium risk\u2019, 45.6% as \u2018high risk\u2019 and 4.1% as \u2018very high risk\u2019 at baseline. A total of 89 (52.7%) patients experienced one of the following events: 36 (21.3%) had at least one cardiovascular event and 77 (45.6%) had almost one hypertension-related event. No significant differences were observed for the incidence of any cardiovascular events between the different levels of risk (p &gt; 0.05), even considering the HFA-ICOS score as a continuous variable. The integration of the score with the baseline systolic blood pressure and pulse wave velocity enhanced the accuracy of the score (AUC 0.557 vs. 0.736). Conclusions: The HFA-ICOS score did not discriminate between patients at low, medium and high risk, showing a limited discriminatory power in predicting the risk of events in our population. The integration of other parameters in the HFA-ICOS score, such as systolic blood pressure and pulse wave velocity, improved the performance of the score.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17142353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T15:01:05Z","timestamp":1752591665000},"page":"2353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Validation of the HFA-ICOS Score for Carfilzomib-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Multiple Myeloma: A Real-Life Perspective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Astarita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Mingrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute,  FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5407-5188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Airale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2675-8015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Colomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Catarinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5459-9942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Cesareo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Vallelonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute,  FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Paladino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute,  FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute,  FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Leone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute,  FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8619-412X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Gay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Bringhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6654-6247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franco","family":"Veglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8863-8572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Milan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute,  FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21590","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Siegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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