{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:17:21Z","timestamp":1784204241079,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]],"date-time":"2025-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"R01","award":["CA256973"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA256973"]}]},{"name":"R01","award":["CA259080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA259080"]}]},{"name":"R01","award":["I01 BX003856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01 BX003856"]}]},{"name":"R01","award":["T32CA121938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32CA121938"]}]},{"name":"VA Merit Review","award":["CA256973"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA256973"]}]},{"name":"VA Merit Review","award":["CA259080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA259080"]}]},{"name":"VA Merit Review","award":["I01 BX003856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01 BX003856"]}]},{"name":"VA Merit Review","award":["T32CA121938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32CA121938"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health Training Grant","award":["CA256973"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA256973"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health Training Grant","award":["CA259080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA259080"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health Training Grant","award":["I01 BX003856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01 BX003856"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health Training Grant","award":["T32CA121938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32CA121938"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Purpose: The only potentially curative procedure for pancreatic cancer is R0 resection, which is difficult to achieve due to poorly defined tumor margins. In the present study, we used an anti-CA19-9 antibody conjugated to a near-infrared fluorophore in orthotopic mouse models to target and visualize pancreatic cancer. Methods: Orthotopic models of the human pancreatic cancer cell lines SW1990 and BxPC3 were established by implanting tumor fragments into the pancreas of athymic nude mice. Anti-CA19-9 and control IgG were conjugated with IRDye800CW. Mice received 50 \u00b5g of CA19-9\u2013IRDye800CW or IgG-IRDye800CW via tail-vein injection and were imaged after 72 h. MIA PaCa-2, a CA19-9-negative cell line, was used in subcutaneous models to assess targeting specificity. Results: Using the LI-COR Pearl imaging system in the SW1990 model, the tumor-to-pancreas ratio (TPR) was 4.51 (\u00b10.74), and the tumor to the liver ratio (TLR) was 3.05 (\u00b10.60) with CA19-9-IRDye800CW, while the TPR was 1.67 (\u00b10.16) and the TLR was 0.95 (\u00b10.05) for the non-specific control IgG\u2013IRDye800CW. Using a clinically available fluorescence laparoscope, CA19-9-1RDye800CW demonstrated a TPR of 2.34 (\u00b10.44) and a TLR of 2.23 (\u00b10.49), compared to 1.11 (\u00b10.13) and 0.69 (\u00b10.07), respectively, for IgG-IRDye800CW in the SW1990 orthotopic model. In the BxPC3 models, the TPR was 3.82 (\u00b10.55) and the TLR was 4.13 (\u00b10.77) for CA19-9-IRDye800CW compared to 2.40 (\u00b10.31) and 1.49 (\u00b10.23), respectively, for IgG-IRDye800CW. Conclusions: CA19-9-IRDye800CW provided specific in vivo targeting of two human pancreatic cancer cell lines in orthotopic nude mouse models with superior TPRs and TLRs compared to IgG-IRDye800CW. This tumor-specific fluorescent CA19-9 antibody is a promising clinical tool for improved visualization of pancreatic cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17162617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T09:04:53Z","timestamp":1754903093000},"page":"2617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Brightly Visualizing Pancreatic Cancer Margins in Orthotopic Mouse Models with an Anti-CA19-9 Antibody Conjugated to a Near-Infrared Fluorophore"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8621-1869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin E.","family":"Cox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA"},{"name":"VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA"},{"name":"VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunidhi","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA"},{"name":"VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siamak","family":"Amirfakhri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA"},{"name":"VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1820-088X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thinzar M.","family":"Lwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9035-7529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijit","family":"Aithal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"},{"name":"Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7141-740X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumbal","family":"Talib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lily J.","family":"Jih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aylin Din Parast","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA"},{"name":"VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9177-2352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keita","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA"},{"name":"VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavita","family":"Mallya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"},{"name":"Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2020-3687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maneesh","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"},{"name":"Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA"},{"name":"VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA"},{"name":"AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA 92111, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9353-5404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron M.","family":"Mohs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9470-9317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surinder K.","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"},{"name":"Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bouvet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA"},{"name":"VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2024","volume":"74","author":"Siegel","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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