{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:33:40Z","timestamp":1777901620595,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) frequently metastasizes to the peritoneum, significantly worsening patient prognosis. While serum tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) are routinely measured, their diagnostic or prognostic role in peritoneal fluid remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the relationship between CEA and CA 19-9 levels in both serum and peritoneal fluid, and the clinical stage of CRC, particularly focusing on the presence of peritoneal metastases and positive cytology. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 89 patients with histologically confirmed CRC who underwent surgery between 2020 and 2023. All patients had preoperative assessment of CEA and CA 19-9 levels in serum and peritoneal fluid, along with cytological examination of peritoneal fluid samples. Patients were categorized based on the presence or absence of macroscopic peritoneal metastases and cytology results. Results: Elevated levels of CEA and CA 19-9 in peritoneal fluid were significantly associated with the presence of peritoneal metastases. A positive cytological finding also correlated with higher marker concentrations. Conclusions: CEA and CA 19-9 levels in peritoneal fluid strongly correlate with peritoneal dissemination in CRC. These markers may serve as additional predictive factors, aiding in early detection of peritoneal spread and improved risk stratification. Their assessment may be useful in guiding intraoperative and postoperative decision-making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17162661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T08:39:07Z","timestamp":1755247147000},"page":"2661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Significance of CEA and CA 19-9 Levels in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid in Colorectal Cancer Patients in the Context of Peritoneal Metastases and Cytology Results"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"B\u0105k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General and Oncological Surgery, The Karol Marcinkowski University Hospital, 65-417 Zielona G\u00f3ra, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Zielona G\u00f3ra, 65-417 Zielona G\u00f3ra, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Wojciech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Mathematics, University of Zielona G\u00f3ra, 65-417 Zielona G\u00f3ra, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Monczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Karol Marcinkowski University Hospital, 65-417 Zielona G\u00f3ra, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Zawadzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdepartment of Metabolic Surgery and the Subdepartment of Endocrine Surgery, Department of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Provincial Specialist Hospital in Wroc\u0142aw Research and Development Center, 51-124 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, 50-368 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawid","family":"Murawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Zielona G\u00f3ra, 65-417 Zielona G\u00f3ra, Poland"},{"name":"Provincial Hospital in Pozna\u0144, 60-479 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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