{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:58:09Z","timestamp":1790963889278,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Complete mesocolic excision (CME) has recently been proposed as a radical operation for the treatment of colon cancer. Increasing evidence suggests a survival benefit from this operation, although the exact reasons for this remain largely unknown. Methods: We have undertaken a comprehensive review of the literature in PubMed and Embase databases, examining the potential mechanisms explaining this oncologic benefit. Results: Complete mesocolic excision with central vascular ligation appears to improve the rates of radial margin negativity and is associated with increased lymph node yield and improved staging for colon cancer patients by removal of apical lymph nodes and removal of skip metastasis. The en bloc removal of the cancer-related mesentery along the interfascial plane between the mesocolon and retroperitoneal structures removes en bloc tumor deposits that appear to have a significant negative effect on cancer prognosis, irrespective of lymph node status. CME is associated with decreased rates of local recurrence and improved disease-free and overall survival. The existing literature suffers from a lack of data on molecular pathology and integration of prognostic pathologic factors such as tumor deposits in patients undergoing complete mesocolic excision. Conclusions: CME confers significant benefits in terms of local control of the disease and improves cancer-specific survival. Further research on the matter is necessary to incorporate prognostic pathologic and molecular parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17162719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T14:46:04Z","timestamp":1755787564000},"page":"2719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Complete Mesocolic Excision for Colon Cancer: Insight into Potential Mechanisms of Oncologic Benefit"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fotios","family":"Seretis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of General Surgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Panagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Konstantopouleio-Patision General Hospital of Athens, Nea Ionia, 14233 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charalambos","family":"Seretis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, \u201cAgios Andreas\u201d General Hospital of Patras, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Sotiropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of General Surgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0000-0735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michail","family":"Psarologos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of General Surgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Mamakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of General Surgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1910-7572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Polyzois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of General Surgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Drakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of General Surgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9496-2099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stylianos","family":"Kapiris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of General Surgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2008.01735.x","article-title":"Standardized surgery for colonic cancer: Complete mesocolic excision and central ligation\u2014Technical notes and outcome","volume":"11","author":"Hohenberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Color. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3402776","article-title":"Total Mesorectal Excision Technique-Past, Present, and Future","volume":"33","author":"Knol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Colon. Rectal Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.3992","article-title":"Understanding optimal colonic cancer surgery: Comparison of Japanese D3 resection and european complete mesocolic excision with central vascular ligation","volume":"30","author":"West","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3466","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-025-11749-7","article-title":"A systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE assessment of the evidence on complete mesocolic excision for right-sided colon cancer with SAGES and ESCP participation","volume":"39","author":"Tzanis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surg. Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.24.1448","article-title":"Complete mesocolic excision with central vascular ligation produces an oncologically superior specimen compared with standard surgery for carcinoma of the colon","volume":"28","author":"West","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1714237","article-title":"CME versus D3 Dissection for Colon Cancer","volume":"33","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Colon. Rectal Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1159\/000431365","article-title":"Mesenteric-Based Surgery Exploits Gastrointestinal, Peritoneal, Mesenteric and Fascial Continuity from Duodenojejunal Flexure to the Anorectal Junction\u2014A Review","volume":"32","author":"Coffey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig. Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-014-1835-9","article-title":"Standardization of the nomenclature based on contemporary mesocolic anatomy is paramount prior to performing a complete mesocolic excision","volume":"29","author":"Sehgal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Color. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12066","article-title":"An anatomical, histopathological, and molecular biological function study of the fascias posterior to the interperitoneal colon and its associated mesocolon: Their relevance to colonic surgery","volume":"223","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.16436","article-title":"The retrocolic fascial system revisited for right hemicolectomy with complete mesocolic excision based on anatomical terminology: Do we need the eponyms Toldt, Gerota, Fredet and Treitz?","volume":"25","author":"Wedel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Color. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12219","article-title":"A detailed appraisal of mesocolic lymphangiology\u2014An immunohistochemical and stereological analysis","volume":"225","author":"Culligan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2018.11.006","article-title":"The Toldt fascia: A historic review and surgical implications in complete mesocolic excision for colon cancer","volume":"42","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3842","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-019-06869-w","article-title":"The fusion fascia of Fredet: An important embryological landmark for complete mesocolic excision and D3-lymphadenectomy in right colon cancer","volume":"33","author":"Pellino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-014-1184-2","article-title":"Terminology and nomenclature in colonic surgery: Universal application of a rule-based approach derived from updates on mesenteric anatomy","volume":"18","author":"Coffey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tech. Coloproctol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-015-0758-4","article-title":"Three surgical planes identified in laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision for right-sided colon cancer","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-5691.24.10319-X","article-title":"Robotic CME in 110 consecutive cases: Feasibility and short-term technical and oncological outcomes","volume":"80","author":"Monsellato","year":"2025","journal-title":"Minerva Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"O238","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13756","article-title":"Radiological and pathological evaluation of the level of arterial division after colon cancer surgery","volume":"19","author":"Munkedal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Color. Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"704","article-title":"Anatomical observation of the right retroperitoneal fascia and its clinical significance in complete mesocolic excision for right colon cancer","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Gastrointest. Surg.\/Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chemtob, A., Ignjatovic, D., and Stimec, B.V. (2024). Retrocolic Fascia-An Anatomical and Multidetector Computed Tomographic Angiography (MDCTA) Morphometric Analysis in Patients with Right Colon Cancer. Diagnostics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14171952"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-025-03117-3","article-title":"Why did we encounter a pCRM-positive specimen whose preoperative MRI indicates negative mesorectal fascia involvement in middle to low rectal cancer?","volume":"29","author":"Sumiyama","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tech. Coloproctol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000002294","article-title":"Prognostic Value of the Circumferential Resection Margin After Curative Surgery for Rectal Cancer: A Multicenter Propensity Score-Matched Analysis","volume":"66","author":"Galvez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dis. Colon. Rectum."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000001569","article-title":"Significance of Radial Margin in Patients Undergoing Complete Mesocolic Excision for Colon Cancer","volume":"63","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis. Colon. Rectum."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000001996","article-title":"Nonmicroradical Resection Margin as a Predictor of Recurrence in Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer Undergoing Complete Mesocolic Excision: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"65","author":"Gundestrup","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dis. Colon. Rectum."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.1525","article-title":"Association of Radial Margin Positivity With Colon Cancer","volume":"150","author":"Amri","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-025-01248-2","article-title":"Long-Term Oncological Outcomes After Complete Mesocolic Excision Versus Standard Resection for Right-Sided Colon Cancer: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis","volume":"56","author":"Achilli","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000002174","article-title":"Risk of Local Recurrence after Complete Mesocolic Excision for Right-Sided Colon Cancer: Post-Hoc Sensitivity Analysis of a Population-Based Study","volume":"65","author":"Bertelsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dis. Colon. Rectum."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002829","article-title":"Complete mesocolic excision versus D2 lymphadenectomy in right hemicolectomy: A meta-analysis of propensity score matched studies and randomized controlled trials","volume":"87","author":"Pompeu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lucas, K., Melling, N., Giannou, A.D., Reeh, M., Mann, O., Hackert, T., Izbicki, J.R., Perez, D., and Grass, J.K. (2023). Lymphatic Mapping in Colon Cancer Depending on Injection Time and Tracing Agent: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Designed Studies. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15123196"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-014-1971-2","article-title":"Lymph node metastasis of carcinomas of transverse colon including flexures. Consideration of the extramesocolic lymph node stations","volume":"29","author":"Perrakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Color. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11387","article-title":"Short-term outcomes of a multicentre randomized clinical trial comparing D2 versus D3 lymph node dissection for colonic cancer (COLD trial)","volume":"107","author":"Karachun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000658","article-title":"Pattern of Colon Cancer Lymph Node Metastases in Patients Undergoing Central Mesocolic Lymph Node Excision: A Systematic Review","volume":"59","author":"Bertelsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis. Colon. Rectum."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-025-02999-y","article-title":"Patterns of lymph node metastasis and long-term outcomes of splenic flexure colon cancer: A descriptive study from a Japanese high-volume center","volume":"55","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surg Today."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-025-11649-w","article-title":"Preoperative angio-CT colonography improves the quality of lymph node dissection during minimally invasive right hemicolectomy: A propensity score-matched study","volume":"39","author":"Cazelles","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4174\/astr.2025.108.1.49","article-title":"Optimal extent of lymph node dissection in clinical early-stage right colon cancer: A retrospective analysis","volume":"108","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Treat. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02049154","article-title":"Management of early invasive colorectal cancer. Risk of recurrence and clinical guidelines","volume":"38","author":"Kikuchi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dis. Colon. Rectum."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70720","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70720","article-title":"The Degree of Extramural Spread of T3 Colon Cancer as a Prognostic Factor: Another Appeal to the American Joint Committee on Cancer","volume":"14","author":"Giner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riffet, M., Dupont, B., Faisant, M., Cerasuolo, D., Menahem, B., Alves, A., Dubois, F., Levallet, G., and Bazille, C. (2023). New Histoprognostic Factors to Consider for the Staging of Colon Cancers: Tumor Deposits, Invasive Tumor Infiltration and High-Grade Budding. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043573"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.07.009","article-title":"Combining tumor deposits with the number of lymph node metastases to improve the prognostic accuracy in stage III colon cancer: A post hoc analysis of the CALGB\/SWOG 80702 phase III study (Alliance)\u2606","volume":"32","author":"Cohen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-021-04036-z","article-title":"Prognostic value of tumor deposits for long-term oncologic outcomes in patients with stage III colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Moon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Color. Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.16873","article-title":"Tumour deposits are independently associated with recurrence in colon cancer","volume":"26","author":"Hakki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Color. Dis."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zrad122","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsopen\/zrad122","article-title":"Tumour deposits in colon cancer predict recurrence and reduced survival in a nationwide population-based study","volume":"7","author":"Agger","year":"2023","journal-title":"BJS Open"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000001152","article-title":"Impact of Tumor Deposits on Oncologic Outcomes in Stage III Colon Cancer","volume":"61","author":"Motl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis. Colon. Rectum."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4052","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.35491","article-title":"The prognostic impact of tumor deposits in colorectal cancer: More than just N1c","volume":"130","author":"Bhutiani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"14","article-title":"Adjuvant Chemotherapy Duration and Disease-Free Survival in Low-Risk Stage III Colon Cancer with N1a-b and N1c Disease: Insights from a Single-Center Retrospective Analysis","volume":"56","author":"Akyol","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.17620","article-title":"Pathological Investigation of Grasping-related Mesenteric Injury During Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Resection","volume":"45","author":"Kataoka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anticancer. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e456","DOI":"10.1097\/AS9.0000000000000456","article-title":"Tumor Deposits as an Adverse Prognostic Indicator in Stage III Colon Cancer: A Multicenter Database Study","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Open"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1159\/000494831","article-title":"Biology-Based Surgery: The Extent of Lymphadenectomy in Cancer of the Colon","volume":"59","author":"Willaert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102718","article-title":"Comparative analysis of clonal evolution among patients with right- and left-sided colon and rectal cancer","volume":"24","author":"Banerjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)71168-4","article-title":"Disease-free survival after complete mesocolic excision compared with conventional colon cancer surgery: A retrospective, population-based study","volume":"16","author":"Bertelsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-015-3190-6","article-title":"Prognostic Impact of Distribution of Lymph Node Metastases in Stage III Colon Cancer","volume":"39","author":"Nagasaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496914557017","article-title":"Laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision with central vascular ligation in right colon cancer: Long-term oncologic outcome between mesocolic and non-mesocolic planes of surgery","volume":"104","author":"Siani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003012","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Complete Mesocolic Excision in Patients with Colon Cancer: Three-year Results from a Prospective, Nonrandomized, Double-blind, Controlled Trial","volume":"271","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-013-1100-1","article-title":"Short term results of complete (D3) vs. standard (D2) mesenteric excision in colon cancer shows improved outcome of complete mesenteric excision in patients with TNM stages I-II","volume":"18","author":"Storli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tech. Coloproctol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-013-1766-x","article-title":"Is complete mesocolic excision with central vascular ligation safe and effective in the surgical treatment of right-sided colon cancers? A prospective study","volume":"29","author":"Galizia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Color. Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-014-3940-9","article-title":"Long-term oncologic results of laparoscopic D3 lymphadenectomy with complete mesocolic excision for right-sided colon cancer with clinically positive lymph nodes","volume":"29","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"4976","article-title":"Readjustment of nodal staging by integrating tumor deposits and positive lymph nodes in patients with stage III colon cancer: A population-based analysis","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-025-04908-8","article-title":"Prognostic impact and independent significance of tumor deposits in early-stage colon cancer: A population-based cohort study","volume":"40","author":"Turan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Colorectal Dis."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2012.03019.x","article-title":"Complete mesocolic excision in colon cancer surgery: A comparison between open and laparoscopic approach","volume":"14","author":"Gouvas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Color. Dis."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v8.i3.235","article-title":"Complete mesocolic excision: Lessons from anatomy translating to better oncologic outcome","volume":"8","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.16125","article-title":"Plane of mesocolic dissection as predictor of recurrence after complete mesocolic excision for sigmoid colon cancer: A cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Sakjah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Color. Dis."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-3578-9","article-title":"Quality of surgery for stage III colon cancer: Comparison between England, Germany, and Japan","volume":"21","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znac379","article-title":"Complete mesocolic excision for right colonic cancer: Prospective multicentre study","volume":"110","author":"Benz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2025.115476","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"222","author":"Noronha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/16\/2719\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:33:17Z","timestamp":1760034797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/16\/2719"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers17162719"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers17162719","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]}}}