{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:02:45Z","timestamp":1793124165088,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The burden of early-onset cancer (cancer incidence &lt;50 years) has increased globally. Early-onset cancer carries significant societal and economic consequences. We aim to provide updated estimates for incidence and mortality of early-onset cancer. Methods: We analyzed the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to describe the incidence, death, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized death rate (ASDR) from early-onset cancer (i.e., cancer in people aged 15\u201349), and its changes from 2000 to 2021 (reflected as annual percent change [APC]), using Joinpoint regression analysis. Results: In 2021, there were 3.16 million new cases and 989,650 deaths from early-onset cancer. From 2000 to 2021, the ASIR of early-onset cancer increased (APC: 0.40%, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.47%), with the highest increase observed in the Eastern Mediterranean region (APC: 1.63%, 95% CI 1.53 to 1.72%), whereas the ASDR decreased across most regions. The ASIR for early-onset cancer had a higher increase in females (APC: 0.62%, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.73%) than males (APC: 0.14%, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.23%). Breast cancer (n = 567,900) constituted the highest burden of incident cases, followed by non-melanoma skin (n = 507,810) and cervical cancers (n = 307,430). The highest increase in the ASIR was observed in non-melanoma skin cancer (APC:2.18%, 95% CI 1.85\u20132.51%), thyroid (APC: 1.70%, 95% CI 1.60 to 1.79%), and testicular (APC:1.37%, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.78%) cancers. The greatest increases in the ASDR were observed in peripheral nervous system cancer (APC: 0.97%, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.11%) and multiple myeloma (APC: 0.62%, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.72%). Conclusions: From 2000 to 2021, the age-adjusted incidence of early-onset cancer increased, with variation across regions and cancer types. Immediate measures are required at a global, regional, and national level to mitigate the burden of early-onset cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17172766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T06:26:14Z","timestamp":1756189574000},"page":"2766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Contemporary Changes in Global Trends in Early-Onset Cancer: Incidence and Mortality (2000\u20132021)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Pojsakorn","family":"Danpanichkul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfang","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China"},{"name":"National Immunological Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baise 533000, China"},{"name":"Center for Medical Laboratory Science, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supapitch","family":"Sirimangklanurak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7726-5814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanida","family":"Auttapracha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanawin","family":"Pramotedham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun Wei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0950-8981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen Yu","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakditad","family":"Saowapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyna Zhuoying","family":"Gunalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3325-1688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwanjit","family":"Duangsonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanakarn","family":"Kanitthamniyom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1919-6800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6232-6343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karn","family":"Wijarnpreecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA"},{"name":"BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit G.","family":"Singal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Q.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju Dong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Comprehensive Transplant Center, and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2328171","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.28171","article-title":"Patterns in Cancer Incidence Among People Younger Than 50 Years in the US, 2010 to 2019","volume":"6","author":"Koh","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. 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