{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:45:32Z","timestamp":1760060732007,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health with Ricerca Corrente"},{"name":"5 \u00d7 1000 funds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Adenocarcinoma presenting as ground-glass opacities (GGOs) often corresponds to lepidic growth tumor and is associated with less invasive behavior and a good prognosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between radiological and pathological findings of GGO and their relationship with lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS) and incidence of relapses to better define their surgical management. Methods: One hundred seventy-two patients underwent lung resection for adenocarcinoma presenting as pure GGO or partial solid GGO at CT scan. Based on consolidation-to-tumor ratio (CTR) at CT scan, patients were categorized into two groups: pure GGO (CTR 0) and partial solid GGO (CTR \u2264 0.5, 0.5 &lt; CTR \u2264 0.75, and 0.75 &lt; CTR \u2264 1.0). Histological analysis confirmed diagnosis, invasiveness, and grading. Results: Comparing the group with pure GGO (n = 90; 52.3%) and the groups with partial solid GGO (n = 82; 47.7%), invasive adenocarcinoma was significantly more frequent in the last one (p = 0.0006). In the partial solid GGO group, the majority of tumors were G2, and the percentage of G3 tumors increased with the CTR increasing (p &lt; 0.0001). Twenty-one (12.2%) patients experienced disease recurrence: 16 (9.3%) were invasive adenocarcinoma (IA), and 5 (2.9%) were minimally invasive adenocarcinomas (MIA); radiologically, 13 (7.5%) were pure GGO, and 8 (4.6%) had a solid component. At multivariate analysis, relapse was associated with age &gt; 60 (p = 0.037), clinical stage \u2265 cIB (p = 0.002), and sublobar resection (p = 0.005). Conclusions: Pure GGO was associated with minor invasiveness, with prognosis dependent on age, clinical stage, and type of surgery (sublobar vs. lobar resection). Sublobar resections had a higher recurrence risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17183016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T08:56:46Z","timestamp":1758013006000},"page":"3016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma Presenting as Ground-Glass Opacity: A Single-Center Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5986-7811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Casiraghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO-European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9219-6877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Girelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO-European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attilio","family":"Elettore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO-European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1153-3334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Bertolaccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO-European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5330-5495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Mazzella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO-European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7320-9951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Bardoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO-European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, IEO-European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Midolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, IEO-European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Petralia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, IEO-European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5309-4704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Maisonneuve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO-European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Guarize","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO-European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Spaggiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO-European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2462070712","article-title":"Fleischner Society: Glossary of terms for thoracic imaging","volume":"246","author":"Hansell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr.2017.01.02","article-title":"Pulmonary ground-glass opacity: Computed tomography features, histopathology, and molecular pathology","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. 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