{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:53:06Z","timestamp":1791651186440,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University"},{"name":"NIH Loan Repayment Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The recommended surgery for pancreatic tumors is dependent on the diagnosis. For pancreatic adenocarcinoma, duodenal, and ampullary adenocarcinoma, a Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy with lymph node dissection is recommended. For small &lt; 2 cm or non-imageable gastrinomas, duodenal transillumination, duodenotomy, duodenal tumor excision and adjacent lymphadenectomy is recommended. For large &gt; 3 cm gastrinomas, a Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy with adjacent lymph node dissection is recommended. For small 1\u20132 cm insulinomas, intraoperative ultrasound with enucleation is recommended. If the patient with gastrinoma, insulinoma, or multiple nonfunctional NETs occurs in the setting of MEN-1, a subtotal pancreatectomy with or without splenectomy with enucleation of pancreatic head tumors is recommended, with adjacent lymph node dissection. The detail of each procedure is described with illustrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17183091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T17:08:17Z","timestamp":1758560897000},"page":"3091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Surgical Strategies for Tumors of the Pancreas and Duodenum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Rosyli F.","family":"Reveron-Thornton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly X.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2838-5841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Delitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Longaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4762-9466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Cancer Statistics, 2021","volume":"71","author":"Siegel","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. 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