{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:36:16Z","timestamp":1787027776032,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Sarcopenia, defined as the progressive loss of muscle mass and function, is increasingly recognized in pediatric cancer patients as a significant clinical and prognostic factor. Sarcopenia in children arises from malignancy-related inflammation, malnutrition, and treatment toxicity, negatively affecting treatment response, recovery, and quality of life. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and Scopus for English-written articles published over the last five years using synonyms for the terms \u201csarcopenia\u201d and \u201cpediatric cancer\u201d. Screening and data extraction were performed in a duplicate-blinded method. We qualitatively synthesized eligible articles. Results: Recent studies identify pre-treatment sarcopenia as a marker of poor prognosis, especially in hepatoblastoma and neuroblastoma. Total psoas muscle area (tax) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) are emerging diagnostic tools, though standardized methods remain lacking. Sarcopenia\u2019s etiology is multifactorial, involving impaired mitochondrial metabolism, chemotherapy-induced appetite loss, and systemic inflammation. Sarcopenic obesity is common, particularly among leukemia survivors, often masked by normal BMI. Survivors also face reduced bone density, impaired immunity, and persistent muscle loss, linked to prior therapies such as radiotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Increase in muscle mass post-treatment correlates with better survival outcomes. Conclusions: Early detection of sarcopenia can support timely interventions such as nutritional support and physical activity. Yet, significant diagnostic heterogeneity across existing studies hampers definitive conclusions regarding its true prevalence and the optimal assessment method. Standardized diagnostic criteria are urgently needed to enable more reliable prevalence estimates and evidence-based clinical strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17193188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T14:16:29Z","timestamp":1759241789000},"page":"3188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Newer Insights on the Occurrence of Sarcopenia in Pediatric Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Past 5 Years of Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2868-8644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Kiosis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team \u201cHistologistas\u201d, Interinstitutional Postgraduate Program \u201cHealth and Environmental Factors\u201d, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5676-4045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Despoina","family":"Ioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team \u201cHistologistas\u201d, Interinstitutional Postgraduate Program \u201cHealth and Environmental Factors\u201d, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0194-1339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanellos","family":"Skourtsidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team \u201cHistologistas\u201d, Interinstitutional Postgraduate Program \u201cHealth and Environmental Factors\u201d, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8520-2897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasilis","family":"Fouskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team \u201cHistologistas\u201d, Interinstitutional Postgraduate Program \u201cHealth and Environmental Factors\u201d, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0816-6066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Stergiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team \u201cHistologistas\u201d, Interinstitutional Postgraduate Program \u201cHealth and Environmental Factors\u201d, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3325-2752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Kavvadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team \u201cHistologistas\u201d, Interinstitutional Postgraduate Program \u201cHealth and Environmental Factors\u201d, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, General Hospital AHEPA, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0709-5407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodora","family":"Papamitsou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team \u201cHistologistas\u201d, Interinstitutional Postgraduate Program \u201cHealth and Environmental Factors\u201d, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6309-8410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Karachrysafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team \u201cHistologistas\u201d, Interinstitutional Postgraduate Program \u201cHealth and Environmental Factors\u201d, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5566-9295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Kourti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team \u201cHistologistas\u201d, Interinstitutional Postgraduate Program \u201cHealth and Environmental Factors\u201d, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Pediatric & Adolescent Hematology Oncology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-19-0941","article-title":"Cancer progress and priorities: Childhood cancer. 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