{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T15:52:49Z","timestamp":1765295569322,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ (GCNIS) is considered the precursor lesion for the majority of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether first-order radiomics features derived from volumetric diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics\u2014specifically apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) histogram parameters\u2014can detect GCNIS. Methods: This study included 15 men with TGCTs and 10 controls. All participants underwent scrotal MRI, including DTI. Volumetric ADC and FA histogram metrics were calculated for the following tissues: group 1, TGCT; group 2: testicular parenchyma adjacent to tumor, histologically positive for GCNIS; and group 3, normal testis. Non-parametric statistics were used to assess differences in ADC and FA histogram parameters among the three groups. Pearson\u2019s correlation analysis was followed by ordinal regression analysis to identify key predictive histogram parameters. Results: Widespread distributional differences (p &lt; 0.05) were observed for many ADC and FA variables, with both TGCTs and GCNIS showing significant divergence from normal testes. Among the ADC statistics, the 10th percentile and skewness (p = 0.042), range (p = 0.023), interquartile range (p = 0.021), total energy (p = 0.033), entropy and kurtosis (p = 0.027) proved the most significant predictors for tissue classification. FA_energy (p = 0.039) was the most significant fingerprint of the carcinogenesis among the FA metrics. These parameters correctly characterized 88.8% of TGCTs, 87.5% of GCNIS tissues and 100% of normal testes. Conclusion: Radiomics features derived from volumetric ADC and FA histograms have promising potential to differentiate TGCTs, GCNIS, and normal testicular tissue, aiding early detection and characterization of pre-cancerous lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17193220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T15:07:48Z","timestamp":1759417668000},"page":"3220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Radiomics-Based Detection of Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ Using Volumetric ADC and FA Histogram Features: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9358-9480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria-Veatriki","family":"Christodoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ourania","family":"Pappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4890-4805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loukas","family":"Astrakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8633-7135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangeli","family":"Lampri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0234-5422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanos","family":"Paliouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Sofikitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7236-3706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria I.","family":"Argyropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athina C.","family":"Tsili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Nicol, D., Berney, D.M., Boormans, J.L., Di Nardo, D., Fankhauser, C.D., Fischer, S., Gremmels, H., Cornes, R., Heidenreich, A., and Le\u00e3o, R. 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