{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:41:43Z","timestamp":1760960503842,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMW\/NWO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["09150162310097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09150162310097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The glycan profile of cells comprises a high variety of sugar moieties that are attached to proteins (glycoproteins) and lipids (glycolipids) via a process called \u2018glycosylation\u2019. Cancer cells commonly carry aberrant glycans, which may be of interest for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, as well as the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review focuses on the differential glycosylation patterns on malignant B cells, including both B cell lymphoma and leukemia. Well-known aberrant glycan profiles on malignant B cells include acquired high mannose N-glycans in the B cell receptor (BCR) of follicular lymphoma (FL), and increased expression of the glycosphingolipid Gb3\/CD77 on Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma (BL). These structures can be exploited for therapy by using lectins that specifically recognize these patterns with intrinsic cytotoxic activity or in a drug-conjugate format. Furthermore, immunotherapy can be improved by modulating glycans, especially sialic acids. Targeting glycans for immunotherapy is also of interest for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, a relatively novel therapy that has been quite effective in various B cell malignancies. Thus, the glycan profile of malignant B cells harbors many opportunities for therapeutic targeting. It is anticipated that further in-depth glycan profiling will open up many more opportunities for the treatment of B cell malignancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17203366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:44:10Z","timestamp":1760957050000},"page":"3366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Finding the Sweet Spot for the Treatment of B Cell Malignancies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8012-0376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie R.","family":"Wiersma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez, C., Garrote-de-Barros, A., L\u00f3pez-Portugu\u00e9s, C., Hern\u00e1ndez-S\u00e1nchez, M., and D\u00edez, P. (2024). Characterization of Human B Cell Hematological Malignancies Using Protein-Based Approaches. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094644"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M115.050245","article-title":"Machine Learning-based Classification of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Patients by Their Protein Expression Profiles","volume":"14","author":"Deeb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, R., Nijland, M., Rutgers, B., Veenstra, R., Langendonk, M., van der Meeren, L.E., Kluin, P.M., Li, G., Diepstra, A., and Chiu, J.-F. (2016). Proteomics Based Identification of Proteins with Deregulated Expression in B Cell Lymphomas. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146624"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ejtehadifar, M., Zahedi, S., Gameiro, P., Cabe\u00e7adas, J., Rodriguez, M.S., da Silva, M.G., Beck, H.C., Matthiesen, R., and Carvalho, A.S. (2025). Proteome alterations in peripheral immune cells of DLBCL patients and evidence of cancer extracellular vesicles involvement. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis., 1871.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2025.167842"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-5956-7-43","article-title":"A comparison between protein profiles of B cell subpopulations and mantle cell lymphoma cells","volume":"7","author":"Stranneheim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proteome Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.RA117.000539","article-title":"Proteomics Profiling of CLL Versus Healthy B-cells Identifies Putative Therapeutic Targets and a Subtype-independent Signature of Spliceosome Dysregulation","volume":"17","author":"Johnston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-024-00784-3","article-title":"The proteogenomic landscape of multiple myeloma reveals insights into disease biology and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"5","author":"Ramberger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01886-1","article-title":"Glycosylation: Mechanisms, biological functions and clinical implications","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Varki, A., Cummings, R., Esko, J., Freeze, H., Hart, G., and Marth, J. (2015). Essentials of Glycobiology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"236","article-title":"Subtracted versus non-subtracted digital imaging in peripheral angiography","volume":"9","author":"Fink","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2201129119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2201129119","article-title":"Sialic acids on B cells are crucial for their survival and provide protection against apoptosis","volume":"119","author":"Linder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giovannone, N., Antonopoulos, A., Liang, J., Sweeney, J.G., Kudelka, M.R., King, S.L., Lee, G.S., Cummings, R.D., Dell, A., and Barthel, S.R. (2018). Human B Cell Differentiation Is Characterized by Progressive Remodeling of O-Linked Glycans. Front. Immunol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02857"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2018-0379","article-title":"Aberrant glycosylation and cancer biomarker discovery: A promising and thorny journey","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwz048","article-title":"Monitoring of immunoglobulin N- and O-glycosylation in health and disease","volume":"30","author":"Falck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08638","article-title":"Chronic active B-cell-receptor signalling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"463","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13447","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1514944112","article-title":"Survival of human lymphoma cells requires B-cell receptor engagement by self-antigens","volume":"112","author":"Young","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.07.028","article-title":"Molecular characterization of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Antigen-driven origin and IGHV4-34 as a particular subgroup of the non-GCB subtype","volume":"181","author":"Alcoceba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-009-9408-8","article-title":"Exploration of factors affecting the onset and maturation course of follicular lymphoma through simulations of the germinal center","volume":"71","author":"Fenwick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"541","article-title":"Acquired potential N-glycosylation sites within the tumor-specific immunoglobulin heavy chains of B-cell malignancies","volume":"89","author":"Zabalegui","year":"2004","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023020360","article-title":"Follicular lymphoma evolves with a surmountable dependency on acquired glycosylation motifs in the B-cell receptor","volume":"142","author":"Haebe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019002279","article-title":"IGHV sequencing reveals acquired N-glycosylation sites as a clonal and stable event during follicular lymphoma evolution","volume":"135","author":"Odabashian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michaeli, M., Carlotti, E., Hazanov, H., Gribben, J.G., and Mehr, R. (2022). Mutational patterns along different evolution paths of follicular lymphoma. Front. Oncol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1029995"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.7.2562","article-title":"Acquisition of potential N-glycosylation sites in the immunoglobulin variable region by somatic mutation is a distinctive feature of follicular lymphoma","volume":"99","author":"Zhu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-05-1403","article-title":"Glycosylation of V region genes in follicular lymphoma as a result of the somatic hypermutation mechanism","volume":"100","author":"Belessi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7405","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M602690200","article-title":"Human follicular lymphoma cells contain oligomannose glycans in the antigen-binding site of the B-cell receptor","volume":"282","author":"Radcliffe","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.10.009","article-title":"Remarkable selective glycosylation of the immunoglobulin variable region in follicular lymphoma","volume":"45","author":"McCann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e155","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.115782","article-title":"Contiguous follicular lymphoma and follicular lymphoma in situ harboring N-glycosylated sites","volume":"100","author":"Mamessier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.04.005","article-title":"Acquired N-Linked Glycosylation Motifs in B-Cell Receptors of Primary Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma and the Normal B-Cell Repertoire","volume":"139","author":"Koning","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, B., Kydd, L., and Jaworski, J. (2021). Engineering a reporter cell line to mimic the high oligomannose presenting surface immunoglobulin of follicular lymphoma B cells. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79862-2"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04064.x","article-title":"Incidence of potential glycosylation sites in immunoglobulin variable regions distinguishes between subsets of Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma","volume":"120","author":"Zhu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.04816.x","article-title":"Incidence of novel N-glycosylation sites in the B-cell receptor of lymphomas associated with immunodeficiency","volume":"124","author":"Forconi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021012052","article-title":"Insertion of atypical glycans into the tumor antigen-binding site identifies DLBCLs with distinct origin and behavior","volume":"138","author":"Chiodin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.270","article-title":"Differences between BCL2-break positive and negative follicular lymphoma unraveled by whole-exome sequencing","volume":"32","author":"Pischimarov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4890","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005081","article-title":"Follicular lymphoma subgroups with and without t(14;18) differ in their N-glycosylation pattern and IGHV usage","volume":"5","author":"Leich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4198","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-12-254847","article-title":"Surface IgM of CLL cells displays unusual glycans indicative of engagement of antigen in vivo","volume":"115","author":"Krysov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18587","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009388107","article-title":"Glycosylation of surface Ig creates a functional bridge between human follicular lymphoma and microenvironmental lectins","volume":"107","author":"Coelho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.2c00153","article-title":"Disrupting N-Glycosylation Using Type I Mannosidase Inhibitors Alters B-Cell Receptor Signaling","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3287","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-11-609404","article-title":"Lectins from opportunistic bacteria interact with acquired variable-region glycans of surface immunoglobulin in follicular lymphoma","volume":"125","author":"Schneider","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-04-640805","article-title":"Lectin binding to surface Ig variable regions provides a universal persistent activating signal for follicular lymphoma cells","volume":"126","author":"Linley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valle-Argos, B., Chiodin, G., Bryant, D.J., Taylor, J., Lemm, E., Duriez, P.J., Rock, P.J., Strefford, J.C., Forconi, F., and Burack, R.W. (2021). DC-SIGN binding to mannosylated B-cell receptors in follicular lymphoma down-modulates receptor signaling capacity. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91112-7"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-440X(02)00364-0","article-title":"Clusters, bundles, arrays and lattices: Novel mechanisms for lectin-saccharide-mediated cellular interactions","volume":"12","author":"Brewer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2116","article-title":"Endocytosed BCRs sequentially regulate MAPK and Akt signaling pathways from intracellular compartments","volume":"12","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1021\/cb400532y","article-title":"Synthetic antigens reveal dynamics of BCR endocytosis during inhibitory signaling","volume":"9","author":"Courtney","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000475","article-title":"Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin expression on M2-polarized and tumor-associated macrophages is macrophage-CSF dependent and enhanced by tumor-derived IL-6 and IL-10","volume":"186","author":"Corcuera","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-04-1565","article-title":"Analysis of multiple biomarkers shows that lymphoma-associated macrophage (LAM) content is an independent predictor of survival in follicular lymphoma (FL)","volume":"106","author":"Farinha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4265","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.7.4265","article-title":"Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin\/CD209 is abundant on macrophages in the normal human lymph node and is not required for dendritic cell stimulation of the mixed leukocyte reaction","volume":"175","author":"Pritsker","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.6.2634","article-title":"DC-SIGN (CD209) expression is IL-4 dependent and is negatively regulated by IFN, TGF-beta, and anti-inflammatory agents","volume":"168","author":"Relloso","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-08-737239","article-title":"IL-4\/CXCL12 loop is a key regulator of lymphoid stroma function in follicular lymphoma","volume":"129","author":"Pandey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3818","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-02-138933","article-title":"IL-4 protein expression and basal activation of Erk in vivo in follicular lymphoma","volume":"112","author":"Calvo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2010.223","article-title":"Follicular lymphoma cell niche: Identification of a preeminent IL-4-dependent T(FH)-B cell axis","volume":"24","author":"Pangault","year":"2010","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5812","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010725","article-title":"Acquisition of a glycosylated B-cell receptor drives follicular lymphoma toward a dark zone phenotype","volume":"7","author":"Kloet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"2493","article-title":"Molecular determinants of clinical outcomes in a real-world diffuse large B-cell lymphoma population","volume":"141","author":"Alduaij","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7459","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010402","article-title":"Distribution and clinical impact of molecular subtypes with dark zone signature of DLBCL in a Japanese real-world study","volume":"7","author":"Urata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6836295","article-title":"A glycolipid antigen associated with Burkitt lymphoma defined by a monoclonal antibody","volume":"220","author":"Nudelman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6485","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.10.6485","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody against a Burkitt lymphoma-associated antigen","volume":"78","author":"Wiels","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910490607","article-title":"Neutral glycosphingolipid expression in B-cell neoplasms","volume":"49","author":"Kalisiak","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910610220","article-title":"Differential regulation of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis in phenotypically distinct Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cell lines","volume":"61","author":"Taga","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"6480","article-title":"Decreased accessibility of globotriaosylceramide associated with decreased tumorigenicity in Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma variants induced by immunoselection","volume":"49","author":"Junqua","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(00)00060-6","article-title":"Verotoxin targets lymphoma infiltrates of patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease","volume":"24","author":"Arbus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/2.10.929","article-title":"Neutral glycosphingolipids of the globo-series characterize activation stages corresponding to germinal center B cells","volume":"2","author":"Brodin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadg0564","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adg0564","article-title":"The lipid globotriaosylceramide promotes germinal center B cell responses and antiviral immunity","volume":"383","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007145420116","article-title":"Globotriaosyl ceramide modulates interferon-alpha-induced growth inhibition and CD19 expression in Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cells","volume":"16","author":"Maloney","year":"1999","journal-title":"Glycoconj. J."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.02.053","article-title":"Dynamic interplay between the neutral glycosphingolipid CD77\/Gb3 and the therapeutic antibody target CD20 within the lipid bilayer of model B lymphoma cells","volume":"355","author":"Jarvis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"5314","article-title":"Apoptosis induced in Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cells via Gb3\/CD77, a glycolipid antigen","volume":"53","author":"Mangeney","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1827.1999.00960.x","article-title":"Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinating lectin-binding reactivity in human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and its relevance to the patient\u2019s clinical outcome: Lectin histochemistry and lectin blot analysis","volume":"49","author":"Suzuki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pathol. Int."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"1759","article-title":"Alpha-2,6-sialylation of L-PHA reactive oligosaccharides and expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V in human diffuse large B cell lymphoma","volume":"10","author":"Suzuki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"775","article-title":"Loss of L-PHA-, PNA-, or ConA-reactive oligosaccharides is associated with a poor prognosis in human Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"17","author":"Suzuki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"5138","article-title":"Different patterns of lectin binding and cell surface sialylation detected on related high- and low-metastatic tumor lines","volume":"43","author":"Altevogt","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.1997.tb03615.x","article-title":"Sialic acid concentration in different stages of malignant lymphoma and leukemia in children","volume":"39","author":"Tomaszewska","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3847","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47772-w","article-title":"Native N-glycome profiling of single cells and ng-level blood isolates using label-free capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry","volume":"15","author":"Marie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11163","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c05984","article-title":"Highly Sensitive Spatial Glycomics at Near-Cellular Resolution by On-Slide Derivatization and Mass Spectrometry Imaging","volume":"96","author":"Cumin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17328","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c03626","article-title":"Sensitive and Specific Global Cell Surface N-Glycoproteomics Shows Profound Differences Between Glycosylation Sites and Subcellular Components","volume":"95","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.1c00689","article-title":"A Useful Guide to Lectin Binding: Machine-Learning Directed Annotation of 57 Unique Lectin Specificities","volume":"17","author":"Bojar","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-03-275628","article-title":"Novel targets for endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in B-CLL","volume":"116","author":"Rosati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41389-023-00450-w","article-title":"Negligible role of TRAIL death receptors in cell death upon endoplasmic reticulum stress in B-cell malignancies","volume":"12","author":"Favaro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-22-1401","article-title":"Targeting N-linked Glycosylation for the Therapy of Aggressive Lymphomas","volume":"13","author":"Scheich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-03-836932","article-title":"Hyper-N-glycosylated SAMD14 and neurabin-I as driver autoantigens of primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"132","author":"Thurner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elbert, M., Neumann, F., Kiefer, M., Christofyllakis, K., Balensiefer, B., Kos, I., Carbon, G., Kaddu-Mulindwa, D., Bittenbring, J.T., and Fadle, N. (2024). Hyper-N-glycosylated SEL1L3 as auto-antigenic B-cell receptor target of primary vitreoretinal lymphomas. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60169-5"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.02.003","article-title":"Vaccine Elicitation of High Mannose-Dependent Neutralizing Antibodies against the V3-Glycan Broadly Neutralizing Epitope in Nonhuman Primates","volume":"18","author":"Saunders","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3733","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cc30773a","article-title":"Design and synthesis of a \u2018click\u2019 high-mannose oligosaccharide mimic emulating Man8 binding affinity towards Con A","volume":"48","author":"Cendret","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.2c00067","article-title":"Drug-like Inhibitors of DC-SIGN Based on a Quinolone Scaffold","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.02.036","article-title":"Comparison of antibodies and carbohydrates to target vaccines to human dendritic cells via DC-SIGN","volume":"33","author":"Cruz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04684-1","article-title":"Dual BTK\/SYK inhibition with CG-806 (luxeptinib) disrupts B-cell receptor and Bcl-2 signaling networks in mantle cell lymphoma","volume":"13","author":"Thieme","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6342","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-02-333773","article-title":"SYK inhibition and response prediction in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"118","author":"Cheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1292","article-title":"CD45 links the B cell receptor with cell survival and is required for the persistence of germinal centers","volume":"7","author":"Huntington","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4635","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-06-438234","article-title":"Galectin-3 binds to CD45 on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells to regulate susceptibility to cell death","volume":"120","author":"Clark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.066191","article-title":"N- and O-glycans modulate galectin-1 binding, CD45 signaling, and T cell death","volume":"285","author":"Earl","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2014.2319","article-title":"Galectin-1-mediated cell adhesion, invasion and cell death in human anaplastic large cell lymphoma: Regulatory roles of cell surface glycans","volume":"44","author":"Suzuki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"1063","article-title":"Regulatory roles of altered N- and O-glycosylation of CD45 in galectin-1-induced cell death in human diffuse large B cell lymphoma","volume":"26","author":"Suzuki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"109","article-title":"Altered N-glycosylation in CD45 and regulatory roles of altered N-glycosylation in galectin-1-induced growth inhibition in human diffuse large B cell lymphoma","volume":"13","author":"Suzuki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3287","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05770-9","article-title":"Galectin-9 suppresses B cell receptor signaling and is regulated by I-branching of N-glycans","volume":"9","author":"Giovannone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05771-8","article-title":"Galectin-9 binds IgM-BCR to regulate B cell signaling","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koll, L., Lourens, H.J., Marsman, G., de Haan, S., Niki, T., Huls, G.A., Bremer, E., and Wiersma, V.R. (2025). Galectin-9 treatment is cytotoxic for B cell lymphoma by disrupting autophagy. Front. Pharmacol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1601235"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2011.151","article-title":"Galectin-1-mediated cell death is increased by CD30-induced signaling in anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells but not in Hodgkin lymphoma cells","volume":"92","author":"Suzuki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"743","article-title":"Cell surface N-glycosylation and sialylation regulate galectin-3-induced apoptosis in human diffuse large B cell lymphoma","volume":"19","author":"Suzuki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2007.06.002","article-title":"CD45 expression in low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphomas","volume":"32","author":"Carulli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910340405","article-title":"Correlation between tumorigenicity and altered glycosylation of a \u2018leukocyte common\u2019 antigen in human lymphoid cell lines","volume":"34","author":"Deane","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0609.2002.00614.x","article-title":"Hyposialated 185 kDa CD45RA+ molecules attain a high concentration in B lymphoma cells and in activated human B cells","volume":"68","author":"Yu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910600404","article-title":"High expression of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: Beta-D mannoside beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) in chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis","volume":"60","author":"Yoshimura","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45200","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M303868200","article-title":"Two distinct Gb3\/CD77 signaling pathways leading to apoptosis are triggered by anti-Gb3\/CD77 mAb and verotoxin-1","volume":"278","author":"Carlier","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2009.10.018","article-title":"Caspase-8-mediated cleavage of Bid and protein phosphatase 2A-mediated activation of Bax are necessary for Verotoxin-1-induced apoptosis in Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cells","volume":"22","author":"Garibal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Signalling"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(00)00538-5","article-title":"Globotriaosyl ceramide (CD77\/Gb3) in the glycolipid-enriched membrane domain participates in B-cell receptor-mediated apoptosis by regulating lyn kinase activity in human B cells","volume":"28","author":"Mori","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03794-w","article-title":"A bispecific, crosslinking lectibody activates cytotoxic T cells and induces cancer cell death","volume":"20","author":"Rosato","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4830","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.4830","article-title":"Lectin-anticancer peptide fusion demonstrates a significant cancer-cell-selective cytotoxic effect and inspires the production of \u2018clickable\u2019 anticancer peptide in Escherichia coli","volume":"32","author":"Pasupuleti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44772","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.418012","article-title":"A lectin from the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis has a highly novel primary structure and induces glycan-mediated cytotoxicity of globotriaosylceramide-expressing lymphoma cells","volume":"287","author":"Fujii","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7377","DOI":"10.3390\/md13127071","article-title":"MytiLec, a Mussel R-Type Lectin, Interacts with Surface Glycan Gb3 on Burkitt\u2019s Lymphoma Cells to Trigger Apoptosis through Multiple Pathways","volume":"13","author":"Hasan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.074","article-title":"Lectin CGL from the sea mussel Crenomytilus grayanus induces Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cells death via interaction with surface glycan","volume":"104 Pt A","author":"Chernikov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2909","article-title":"Lectins CGL and MTL, representatives of mytilectin family, exhibit different antiproliferative activity in Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cells","volume":"76","author":"Kuzmich","year":"2024","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10930-011-9369-2","article-title":"MRP1 expressed on Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cells was depleted by catfish egg lectin through Gb3-glycosphingolipid and enhanced cytotoxic effect of drugs","volume":"31","author":"Fujii","year":"2012","journal-title":"Protein J."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardano, L., Ferreira, J., Le Roy, C., Ledoux, D., and Varin-Blank, N. (2024). The survival grip-how cell adhesion promotes tumor maintenance within the microenvironment. FEBS Lett.","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.15074"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.01.064","article-title":"Alternative splicing of Ikaros regulates the FUT4\/LeX-\u03b15\u03b21 integrin-FAK axis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"510","author":"Yi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/9.1.1","article-title":"UDP-GlcNAc:Galbeta1\u2014>3GalNAc (GlcNAc to GalNAc) beta1\u2014>6N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase holds a key role on the control of CD15s expression in human pre-B lymphoid cell lines","volume":"9","author":"Nakamura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_113","first-page":"155","article-title":"The regulatory roles of cell surface sialylation and N-glycans in human B cell lymphoma cell adhesion to galectin-1","volume":"28","author":"Suzuki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2015.3211","article-title":"Sialylation and glycosylation modulate cell adhesion and invasion to extracellular matrix in human malignant lymphoma: Dependency on integrin and the Rho GTPase family","volume":"47","author":"Suzuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2015.2818","article-title":"Sialylation by \u03b2-galactoside \u03b1-2,6-sialyltransferase and N-glycans regulate cell adhesion and invasion in human anaplastic large cell lymphoma","volume":"46","author":"Suzuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200501800304","article-title":"The differential expression of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in normal lymphoid tissue and non-Hodgkin\u2019s and Hodgkin\u2019s lymphomas","volume":"18","author":"Maris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3338","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-4709","article-title":"AP1-dependent galectin-1 expression delineates classical hodgkin and anaplastic large cell lymphomas from other lymphoid malignancies with shared molecular features","volume":"14","author":"Rodig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffiths, A., Udomjarumanee, P., Georgescu, A.-S., Barri, M., Zinovkin, D.A., and Pranjol, M.Z.I. (2025). The Immunomodulatory Role of Galectin-1 in the Tumour Microenvironment and Strategies for Therapeutic Applications. Cancers, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17111888"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12664","article-title":"Overexpression of GLT1D1 induces immunosuppression through glycosylation of PD-L1 and predicts poor prognosis in B-cell lymphoma","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12632","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12632","article-title":"Glycosylation and stabilization of programmed death ligand-1 suppresses T-cell activity","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80599","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12413","article-title":"Targeting the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling for therapeutic and imaging capabilities in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"7","author":"Pham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2024.09.013","article-title":"High Frequency of Severe Hyperglycemia Observed During Intensive Hematologic Care: A Prospective Study Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring","volume":"30","author":"Tienstra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4149","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003848","article-title":"Comparison of 2-year outcomes with CAR T cells (ZUMA-1) vs salvage chemotherapy in refractory large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"5","author":"Neelapu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitra, A., Barua, A., Huang, L., Ganguly, S., Feng, Q., and He, B. (2023). From bench to bedside: The history and progress of CAR T cell therapy. Front. Immunol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1188049"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04524-7","article-title":"Novel lectin-based chimeric antigen receptors target Gb3-positive tumour cells","volume":"79","author":"Lagies","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Cantillo, G., Urue\u00f1a, C., Camacho, B.A., and Ram\u00edrez-Segura, C. (2022). CAR-T Cell Performance: How to Improve Their Persistence?. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.878209"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omton.2025.200988","article-title":"K12-ligand-based CAR T cell therapy for CD7-positive T cell malignancies","volume":"33","author":"Visser","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prasse, N., Wessolowski, C., M\u00fcller, I., Cornils, K., and Franke, A.-K. (2024). Glycan Structures in Osteosarcoma as Targets for Lectin-Based Chimeric Antigen Receptor Immunotherapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105344"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005891","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005891","article-title":"Novel banana lectin CAR-T cells to target pancreatic tumors and tumor-associated stroma","volume":"11","author":"McKenna","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2114774118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2114774118","article-title":"Homogeneous antibody and CAR-T cells with improved effector functions targeting SSEA-4 glycan on pancreatic cancer","volume":"118","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15148","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1920662117","article-title":"Structure-guided engineering of the affinity and specificity of CARs against Tn-glycopeptides","volume":"117","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-24-1050","article-title":"Targeting cancer-associated glycosylation for adoptive T cell therapy of solid tumors","volume":"13","author":"Zingg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-02180-3","article-title":"Biological function of sialic acid and sialylation in human health and disease","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31590","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.25657","article-title":"Resistance to complement activation, cell membrane hypersialylation and relapses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients treated with rituximab and chemotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Bordron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2012.01.001","article-title":"An afucosylated anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody with greater antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and B-cell depletion and lower complement-dependent cytotoxicity than rituximab","volume":"50","author":"Gasdaska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.1c00525","article-title":"Sialic Acid Ligands of CD28 Suppress Costimulation of T Cells","volume":"7","author":"Edgar","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.11.014","article-title":"Enhancing CAR T function with the engineered secretion of C. perfringens neuraminidase","volume":"30","author":"Durgin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-23-0823","article-title":"Targeting Tumor-Associated Sialic Acids Using Chimeric Switch Receptors Based on Siglec-9 Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of Engineered T Cells","volume":"12","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2011.604755","article-title":"Targeting B lymphoma with nanoparticles bearing glycan ligands of CD22","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4778","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-12-257386","article-title":"In vivo targeting of B-cell lymphoma with glycan ligands of CD22","volume":"115","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3603","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202005934","article-title":"Glycoengineering of NK Cells with Glycan Ligands of CD22 and Selectins for B-Cell Lymphoma Therapy","volume":"60","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melton-Celsa, A.R. (2014). Shiga Toxin (Stx) Classification, Structure, and Function. Microbiol. Spectr., 2.","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.EHEC-0024-2013"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwl073","article-title":"DC-SIGN binds ICAM-3 isolated from peripheral human leukocytes through Lewis x residues","volume":"17","author":"Bogoevska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80693-5","article-title":"Identification of DC-SIGN, a novel dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 receptor that supports primary immune responses","volume":"100","author":"Geijtenbeek","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(19)30026-2","article-title":"Polatuzumab vedotin or pinatuzumab vedotin plus rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Final results from a phase 2 randomised study (ROMULUS)","volume":"6","author":"Morschhauser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-23-0802","article-title":"Molecular Determinants of Sensitivity to Polatuzumab Vedotin in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"14","author":"Corcoran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2025.217773","article-title":"Sialic Acids: Sweet modulators fueling cancer cells and domesticating the tumor microenvironment","volume":"626","author":"Bai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35149","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.606517","article-title":"Systemic blockade of sialylation in mice with a global inhibitor of sialyltransferases","volume":"289","author":"Macauley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3574","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-3376","article-title":"Sialic Acid Blockade Suppresses Tumor Growth by Enhancing T-cell-Mediated Tumor Immunity","volume":"78","author":"Boltje","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1021\/nn5061964","article-title":"Targeted delivery of a sialic acid-blocking glycomimetic to cancer cells inhibits metastatic spread","volume":"9","author":"Peters","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300153","DOI":"10.1002\/ppsc.202300153","article-title":"Design of Vaterite Nanoparticles for Controlled Delivery of Active Immunotherapeutic Proteins","volume":"41","author":"Nelemans","year":"2024","journal-title":"Part. Part. Syst. Charact."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CB00006K","article-title":"UV light-induced spatial loss of sialic acid capping using a photoactivatable sialyltransferase inhibitor","volume":"4","author":"Moons","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.5c00875","article-title":"Radiotherapy-Activated Prodrug: Past, Present and Beyond","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hodgson, K., Orozco-Moreno, M., Goode, E.A., Fisher, M., Garnham, R., Beatson, R., Turner, H., Livermore, K., Zhou, Y., and Wilson, L. (2024). Sialic acid blockade inhibits the metastatic spread of prostate cancer to bone. EBioMedicine, 104.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105163"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005807","article-title":"Early FDG-PET response predicts CAR-T failure in large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"6","author":"Kuhnl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-023-02016-1","article-title":"CD4+ CAR T-cell expansion is associated with response and therapy related toxicities in patients with B-cell lymphomas","volume":"58","author":"Baur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Bousser, E., Callewaert, N., De Munter, S., Vanhee, S., Naranjo, A., Hacein-Bey-Abina, S., Debets, R., and Vandekerckhove, B. (2023). N-glycosylation engineering in chimeric antigen receptor T cells enhances anti-tumor activity. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.01.23.525164"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-25-0313","article-title":"Reprogramming CD8+ T-cell Branched N-Glycosylation Limits Exhaustion, Enhancing Cytotoxicity and Tumor Killing","volume":"13","author":"Azevedo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_159","first-page":"5101","article-title":"Glycan shielding enables TCR-sufficient allogeneic CAR-T therapy","volume":"188","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-4051-7_11","article-title":"Protocol for Efficient Generation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with Multiplexed Gene Silencing by Epigenome Editing","volume":"2842","author":"Azcona","year":"2024","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2025.102618","article-title":"Sustained and specific multiplexed immune checkpoint modulation in CAR T cells induced by targeted epigenome editing","volume":"36","author":"Monaco","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2025.102700","article-title":"Toward designer magic bullets: Epigenetic editing to empower CAR T cells","volume":"36","author":"Horvathova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.102350","article-title":"Pan-carcinoma sialyl-Tn-targeting expands CAR therapy to solid tumors","volume":"6","author":"Abrantes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadva.2024.100125","article-title":"Emerging technologies for single-cell glycomics","volume":"6","author":"Keisham","year":"2024","journal-title":"BBA Adv."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadva.2025.100146","article-title":"Toward spatial glycomics and glycoproteomics: Innovations and applications","volume":"7","author":"Boottanun","year":"2025","journal-title":"BBA Adv."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/20\/3366\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:59:29Z","timestamp":1760957969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/20\/3366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"references-count":165,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers17203366"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers17203366","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]}}}