{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:20:28Z","timestamp":1790274028560,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"NIAMS fellowship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32AR00711-40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32AR00711-40"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010582","name":"Shared Resource of the Colorado Cancer Center Support","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA046934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA046934"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010582","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Collagens comprise a large, diverse family of proteins that are abundantly expressed throughout most tissues. As a main component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), it is becoming increasingly appreciated how vital collagens are to tumor development, progression, and metastasis. COL6A3, which encodes the alpha 3 chain of type VI collagen, is a unique member of the collagen family that encodes a C-terminal peptide with powerful signaling capabilities, named endotrophin (ETP). Expression of COL6A3 is required for the survival, migration, and invasion of many cancer cell lines, including breast, bladder, liver, and colorectal cancers. ETP, which was originally discovered to be enriched in the adipocytes of mammary tumors, is a powerful oncopeptide that can alter signaling of tumor and stromal cells. ETP has greater signaling potential than the parental COL6A3 as it can induce EMT and promote chemoresistance, metastasis, and stemness in an TGF-\u03b2-like manner. ETP can also function independently of TGF-\u03b2 to recruit endothelial cells and macrophages. In this review, we examine the molecular implications of COL6A3 and ETP expression and their effects on tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic response. Finally, we speculate on the potential of serum ETP as a prognostic biomarker in both carcinomas and sarcomas. In summary, COL6A3 and ETP are powerful drivers of tumor growth that have potential as noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic tools for the clinical management of cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17213449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T17:02:01Z","timestamp":1761670921000},"page":"3449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Role of COL6A3 in Tumorigenesis, Metastasis, Diagnosis, and Disease Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4089-9052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua J.","family":"Lingo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0701-1787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maggie M.","family":"Balas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0680-3392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp E.","family":"Scherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9566-6347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason C.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Extracellular matrix and its therapeutic potential for cancer treatment","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2025.05.003","article-title":"The extracellular matrix in cancer: From understanding to targeting","volume":"11","author":"Chitty","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3902","article-title":"Extracellular matrix assembly: A multiscale deconstruction","volume":"15","author":"Mouw","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-2034","article-title":"Collagens in Cancer: Structural Regulators and Guardians of Cancer Progression","volume":"83","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201439246","article-title":"The extracellular matrix modulates the hallmarks of cancer","volume":"15","author":"Pickup","year":"2014","journal-title":"Embo Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, K., Yu, Z., Zu, X., Li, G., Hu, Z., and Xue, Y. (2022). Collagen Remodeling along Cancer Progression Providing a Novel Opportunity for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810509"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34004","article-title":"The role of network-forming collagens in cancer progression","volume":"151","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(91)90074-6","article-title":"FACIT collagens: Diverse molecular bridges in extracellular matrices","volume":"16","author":"Shaw","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2024.08.006","article-title":"Collagen VIII in vascular diseases","volume":"133","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bretaud, S., Guillon, E., Karppinen, S.-M., Pihlajaniemi, T., and Ruggiero, F. (2020). Collagen XV, a multifaceted multiplexin present across tissues and species. Matrix Biol. Plus, 6\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbplus.2020.100023"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.08.033","article-title":"Exploring the roles of MACIT and multiplexin collagens in stem cells and cancer","volume":"62","author":"Izzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e173354","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI173354","article-title":"Collagen type VI regulates TGF-\u03b2 bioavailability in skeletal muscle in mice","volume":"135","author":"Mohassel","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M710139200","article-title":"Three Novel Collagen VI Chains, \u03b14(VI), \u03b15(VI), and \u03b16(VI)","volume":"283","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.284","article-title":"Expression of the Collagen VI \u03b15 and \u03b16 Chains in Normal Human Skin and in Skin of Patients with Collagen VI-Related Myopathies","volume":"131","author":"Sabatelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5779","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S256654","article-title":"The Biological Role of the Collagen Alpha-3 (VI) Chain and Its Cleaved C5 Domain Fragment Endotrophin in Cancer","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)83585-2","article-title":"Alpha 1 chain of chick type VI collagen. The complete cDNA sequence reveals a hybrid molecule made of one short collagen and three von Willebrand factor type A-like domains","volume":"264","author":"Bonaldo","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00457a021","article-title":"Structural and functional features of the .alpha.3 chain indicate a bridging role for chicken collagen VI in connective tissues","volume":"29","author":"Bonaldo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08122.x","article-title":"Mosaic structure of globular domains in the human type VI collagen alpha 3 chain: Similarity to von Willebrand factor, fibronectin, actin, salivary proteins and aprotinin type protease inhibitors","volume":"9","author":"Chu","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.111.5.2197","article-title":"Multiple forms of chicken alpha 3(VI) collagen chain generated by alternative splicing in type A repeated domains","volume":"111","author":"Doliana","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1427.009","article-title":"Dysfunction of Mitochondria and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in the Pathogenesis of Collagen VI Muscular Dystrophies","volume":"1147","author":"Bernardi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4243","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI63930","article-title":"Adipocyte-derived endotrophin promotes malignant tumor progression","volume":"122","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"e125094","article-title":"Human endotrophin as a driver of malignant tumor growth","volume":"4","author":"Bu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/7.13.2135","article-title":"Collagen VI deficiency induces early onset myopathy in the mouse: An animal model for Bethlem myopathy","volume":"7","author":"Bonaldo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10658","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M709540200","article-title":"Three Novel Collagen VI Chains with High Homology to the \u03b13 Chain","volume":"283","author":"Gara","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.102.3.703","article-title":"Molecular assembly, secretion, and matrix deposition of type VI collagen","volume":"102","author":"Engvall","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13105","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.22.13105","article-title":"Secretion and Matrix Assembly of Recombinant Type VI Collagen","volume":"270","author":"Colombatti","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1985.tb51154.x","article-title":"Structure and Macromolecular Organization of Type VI Collagen","volume":"460","author":"Engel","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14454","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47816-7","article-title":"Biosynthesis of chick type VI collagen. I. Intracellular assembly and molecular structure","volume":"262","author":"Colombatti","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47817-9","article-title":"Biosynthesis of chick type VI collagen. II. Processing and secretion in fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells","volume":"262","author":"Colombatti","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb17917.x","article-title":"The Structure of Type VI Collagen","volume":"580","author":"Chu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7549","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62923-3","article-title":"Collagen VI microfibril structure reveals mechanism for molecular assembly and clustering of inherited pathogenic mutations","volume":"16","author":"Godwin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13769","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.008641","article-title":"C-terminal proteolysis of the collagen VI \u03b13 chain by BMP-1 and proprotein convertase(s) releases endotrophin in fragments of different sizes","volume":"294","author":"Talantikite","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.6227","article-title":"The C5 Domain of Col6A3 Is Cleaved Off from the Col6 Fibrils Immediately after Secretion","volume":"290","author":"Aigner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, D.S., Funcke, J.B., Chen, S., Min, K., Onodera, T., Kim, M., Velasco, J., Virostek, M., Walendzik, K., and Scherer, P.E. (2025). ETP-Specific Knockout Mice Reveal Endotrophin as a Key Regulator of Kidney Fibrosis in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Models. BioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.02.20.639288"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00564-19","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00564-19","article-title":"Critical Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 in Adipose Tissue Remodeling during Obesity","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23424","article-title":"Adipocyte-derived collagen VI affects early mammary tumor progression in vivo, demonstrating a critical interaction in the tumor\/stroma microenvironment","volume":"115","author":"Iyengar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0698-581","article-title":"Cloning of cell-specific secreted and surface proteins by subtractive antibody screening","volume":"16","author":"Scherer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067431","article-title":"Stromal Effects on Mammary Gland Development and Breast Cancer","volume":"296","author":"Wiseman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2018.03.004","article-title":"Cancer as a Matter of Fat: The Crosstalk between Adipose Tissue and Tumors","volume":"4","author":"Lengyel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5346","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.909811","article-title":"Collagen Type VI Alpha 3 Chain Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Bladder Cancer Cells via Transforming Growth Factor \u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2)\/Smad Pathway","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"2527","article-title":"Role of COL6A3 in colorectal cancer","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"668","article-title":"Collagen type VI regulates the CDK4\/6-p-Rb signaling pathway and promotes ovarian cancer invasiveness, stemness, and metastasis","volume":"11","author":"Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho, C.-M., Yen, T.-L., Chang, T.-H., and Huang, S.-H. (2024). COL6A3 Exosomes Promote Tumor Dissemination and Metastasis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202406.1228.v1"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Li, Z., Gu, S., and Zhao, X. (2022). A pan-cancer analysis of collagen VI family on prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and its potential therapeutic effect. BMC Bioinform., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-022-04951-0"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17058","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M100754200","article-title":"Identification of Novel TGF-\u03b2\/Smad Gene Targets in Dermal Fibroblasts using a Combined cDNA Microarray\/Promoter Transactivation Approach","volume":"276","author":"Verrecchia","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gungor, M.Z., Uysal, M., and Senturk, S. (2022). The Bright and the Dark Side of TGF-\u03b2 Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanisms, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14040940"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3603","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16039","article-title":"Collagen VI as a driver and disease biomarker in human fibrosis","volume":"289","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kciuk, M., Gieleci\u0144ska, A., Budzinska, A., Mojzych, M., and Kontek, R. (2022). Metastasis and MAPK Pathways. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073847"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2025.101261","article-title":"Combining spatial transcriptomics and ECM imaging in 3D for mapping cellular interactions in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"16","author":"Pentimalli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Syst."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad036","article-title":"Endotrophin, a Key Marker and Driver for Fibroinflammatory Disease","volume":"45","author":"Henriksen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-03-2408","article-title":"TEM8 Interacts with the Cleaved C5 Domain of Collagen \u03b13(VI)","volume":"64","author":"Nanda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105116","article-title":"Lack of evidence for a role of anthrax toxin receptors as surface receptors for collagen VI and for its cleaved-off C5 domain\/endotrophin","volume":"25","author":"Przyklenk","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguilar-Cazares, D., Chavez-Dominguez, R., Carlos-Reyes, A., Lopez-Camarillo, C., de la Cruz, O.N.H., and Lopez-Gonzalez, J.S. (2019). Contribution of Angiogenesis to Inflammation and Cancer. Front. Oncol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01399"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23221","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of the independent effect of twist and snail in promoting metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155629","article-title":"High levels of intracellular endotrophin in adipocytes mediate COPII vesicle supplies to autophagosome to impair autophagic flux and contribute to systemic insulin resistance in obesity","volume":"145","author":"Oh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e838","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.350","article-title":"Autophagy and chemotherapy resistance: A promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment","volume":"4","author":"Sui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2013.11.009","article-title":"Regulation of Autophagy by TGF-\u03b2: Emerging Role in Kidney Fibrosis","volume":"34","author":"Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8844","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-4401","article-title":"Autophagy Is Activated by TGF-\u03b2 and Potentiates TGF-\u03b2\u2013Mediated Growth Inhibition in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells","volume":"69","author":"Kiyono","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4018","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-3416","article-title":"The Immunosuppressive Niche of Soft-Tissue Sarcomas is Sustained by Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Characterized by Intratumoral Tertiary Lymphoid Structures","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e167826","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI167826","article-title":"Oncogene-induced matrix reorganization controls CD8+ T cell function in the soft-tissue sarcoma microenvironment","volume":"134","author":"Fuller","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(03)00058-8","article-title":"Remodeling of the extracellular matrix through overexpression of collagen VI contributes to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells","volume":"3","author":"Weeraratna","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"925","article-title":"Gene expression profiling of a clonal isolate of oxaliplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780\/C10","volume":"14","author":"Varma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-04887-5","article-title":"Collagen VI sustains cell stemness and chemotherapy resistance in glioblastoma","volume":"80","author":"Cescon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.415","article-title":"Intratumoral Hypoxic Gradient Drives Stem Cells Distribution and MGMT Expression in Glioblastoma","volume":"28","author":"Pistollato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2794-z","article-title":"Nestin-expressing progenitor cells: Function, identity and therapeutic implications","volume":"75","author":"Bernal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201202006","article-title":"Inhibition of endotrophin, a cleavage product of collagen VI, confers cisplatin sensitivity to tumours","volume":"5","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.04.004","article-title":"Reassessing the Risk-Benefit Profile of Thiazolidinediones: Cardiovascular Risks and Stroke Prevention Through Real-World Data","volume":"31","author":"Fei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4094-1","article-title":"Serum endotrophin identifies optimal responders to PPAR\u03b3 agonists in type 2 diabetes","volume":"60","author":"Karsdal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-024-02052-7","article-title":"Integrative proteogenomic analysis identifies COL6A3-derived endotrophin as a mediator of the effect of obesity on coronary artery disease","volume":"57","author":"Yoshiji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02168-8","article-title":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics identify COL6A3 as a prognostic biomarker in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma","volume":"23","author":"Klein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"HEP32","DOI":"10.2217\/hep-2020-0030","article-title":"Endotrophin, a pro-peptide of Type VI collagen, is a biomarker of survival in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Leeming","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatic Oncol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000000000000507","article-title":"Endotrophin as a Biomarker for Severe Acute Kidney Injury and Major Adverse Kidney Events","volume":"5","author":"Flannery","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2011.05.011","article-title":"Tumor-specific expression and alternative splicing of the COL6A3 gene in pancreatic cancer","volume":"150","author":"Arafat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1804-1_26","article-title":"Epigenetic approaches in glioblastoma multiforme and their implication in screening and diagnosis","volume":"1238","author":"Hyman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"100011","article-title":"Analysis of COL6A3, COL6A5 and COL6A6 Gene Expression in Breast and Prostate Tumors","volume":"2","author":"Schenck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Est\u00e8ve, D., Toulet, A., Roumigui\u00e9, M., Bu, D., Lacombe, M., Pericart, S., Belles, C., Manceau, C., Hou\u00ebl, C., and Ducoux-Petit, M. (2023). Extra-cellular matrix remodeling as a unique mechanism of expansion of periprostatic adipose tissue: A potential driver of prostate cancer aggressiveness. BioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.01.05.522843"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabc3175","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc3175","article-title":"Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds identify full-length collagen VI as a driver of breast cancer cell invasion in obesity and metastasis","volume":"6","author":"Wishart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32775","article-title":"High-risk Stage III colon cancer patients identified by a novel five-gene mutational signature are characterized by upregulation of IL-23A and gut bacterial translocation of the tumor microenvironment","volume":"146","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29929","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4966","article-title":"Stroma derived COL6A3 is a potential prognosis marker of colorectal carcinoma revealed by quantitative proteomics","volume":"6","author":"Qiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5172","article-title":"COL6A3-derived endotrophin links reciprocal interactions among hepatic cells in the pathology of chronic liver disease","volume":"247","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306620","article-title":"Novel recurrently mutated genes and a prognostic mutation signature in colorectal cancer","volume":"64","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i2.216","article-title":"Update on the applications and limitations of alpha-fetoprotein for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Hanif","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2021.100355","article-title":"Biomarkers of extracellular matrix formation are associated with acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"3","author":"Kerbert","year":"2021","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab163","article-title":"Endotrophin, a collagen type VI-derived matrikine, reflects the degree of renal fibrosis in patients with IgA nephropathy and in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"37","author":"Sparding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-019-01306-9","article-title":"A marker of type VI collagen formation (PRO-C6) is associated with higher arterial stiffness in type 1 diabetes","volume":"56","author":"Hansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/21\/3449\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T17:17:08Z","timestamp":1761671828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/17\/21\/3449"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers17213449"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers17213449","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]}}}