{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:24:59Z","timestamp":1790717099849,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Physical plasma, the fourth state of matter formed through gas ionization, has shown promise in various clinical applications, including wound healing and antimicrobial therapy. Recently, Non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP) selectively disrupts tumor cell proliferation and metabolism without inducing cytoprotective stress responses, positioning it as a promising adjunct in oncological therapies, though its underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. Methods: In this study, we investigated the effects of NIPP (Plasma Care device) on six tumor cell lines, ovarian (SKOV-3, OVCAR-3), prostate (LNCaP, PC-3), and breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231). Cell proliferation and migration were assessed using CASY analysis and scratch assays, while cytoskeletal integrity, heat shock protein (HSP) expression, and key metabolic indicators were evaluated through immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and biochemical assays. Results: NIPP treatment significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation and migration, disrupted cytoskeletal organization, and altered metabolic activity in a time-dependent manner. These effects were associated with increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), enhanced glycolysis, and elevated lactate production. Notably, despite cellular stress, neither HSP expression nor superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity showed significant changes, suggesting a lack of classical stress-response activation. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that NIPP selectively impairs tumor cell function by inducing oxidative stress and metabolic disruption, without triggering protective HSP-mediated resistance pathways commonly seen in radiotherapy and chemotherapy. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of NIPP, particularly via the Plasma Care device, as a novel anticancer strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17213517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T14:40:48Z","timestamp":1762180848000},"page":"3517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Non-Invasive Physical Plasma as an Oncological Therapy Option: Modulation of Cancer Cell Growth, Motility, and Metabolism Without Induction of Cancer Resistance Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yanqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Plasma Medicine Laboratories, Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4274-3801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikt","family":"Eggers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Abazid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Thorax Surgery, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Scharnhorststrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger H. H.","family":"Erb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Fetscherstra\u00dfe 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias B.","family":"Stope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Plasma Medicine Laboratories, Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(01)00752-9","article-title":"Low-temperature sterilization using gas plasmas: A review of the experiments and an analysis of the inactivation mechanisms","volume":"226","author":"Moisan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. 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