{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T11:16:48Z","timestamp":1763723808364,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21CA267934","R01CA272827","P30CA016056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21CA267934","R01CA272827","P30CA016056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBET-1337860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBET-1337860"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The screening and diagnosis of colon, ovarian, and prostate cancers are challenged by invasive procedures and lack of effective screening tests. To address these challenges, we developed an exosome-based liquid biopsy assay that utilized a new exosomal biomarker, \u03b1-linked Thomsen\u2013Friedenreich glycoantigen (TF-Ag-\u03b1, Gal\u03b21-3GalNAc-\u03b1). This assay provides a minimally invasive method with high sensitivity and specificity for the screening and diagnosis of colon, ovarian and prostate cancers. Methods: Exosomal TF-Ag-\u03b1 levels in 10 \u03bcL serum samples were measured using a compact, surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor developed to facilitate clinical translation. The diagnostic performance of exosomal TF-Ag-\u03b1 was initially evaluated in a training set consisting of normal controls (n = 80) and cancer patients (n = 120, 40 for prostate, 40 for colon, and 40 for ovarian cancer), and then validated in an independent test set including normal controls (n = 29) and cancer patients (n = 60, 20 for each cancer type). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of exosomal TF-Ag-\u03b1. Results: Serum samples from cancer patients showed significantly elevated levels of exosomal TF-Ag-\u03b1 compared with normal controls. Exosomal TF-Ag-\u03b1 distinguished all cancer patients from normal controls with a sensitivity of 99.2%, specificity of 100% and an overall accuracy of 99.5% at a cutoff value of 0.406. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated the clinical translational promise of exosomal TF-Ag-\u03b1 as a liquid biopsy biomarker for the detection of colon, ovarian and prostate cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17233729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T11:04:31Z","timestamp":1763723071000},"page":"3729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exosomal Thomsen\u2013Friedenreich Glycoantigen as a Sensitive and Specific Biomarker for Colon, Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6412-6559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yafei","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoaib","family":"Vasini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Rittenhouse-Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"For-Robin, Inc., Buffalo, NY 14221, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace K.","family":"Dy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6926-777X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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