{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T07:42:28Z","timestamp":1787643748147,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This single-center retrospective study evaluates the clinical efficacy and safety of percutaneous ablation using microwave ablation (MWA) and irreversible electroporation (IRE) in patients with breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM). Methods: Between August 2018 and December 2023, 32 patients underwent 40 image-guided ablations for 57 BCLM. Mean age was 61.3 years (range: 32\u201385), and mean tumor size was 2.9 cm (range: 0.9\u20137.0 cm). Fifty lesions were treated with MWA and seven with IRE. Clinical efficacy was assessed by m-RECIST response at first follow-up imaging (after \u22651 month) and by monitoring local tumor progression (LTP), local tumor progression-free survival (LTPFS), and overall survival (OS). Safety was evaluated by adverse events according to CTCAE. Kaplan\u2013Meier statistics were used for LTPFS and OS. Results: Median follow-up was 32.4 months (95% CI 16.6\u201348.0). Complete response was observed in 34 tumors (59.6%), partial response in 14 (24.6%), and progressive disease in 9 (15.8%). LTP occurred in 37 tumors (64.9%), with a median time to progression of 11.1 months (95% CI 1.4\u201320.8). One- and two-year LTPFS rates were 43.6% and 34.1%. Sixteen patients died during follow-up, with median OS of 27.8 months (95% CI 19.0\u201336.6) and 1- and 2-year OS rates of 90.1% and 55.9%. No major complications occurred. Complications included eight Grade 1 and two Grade 2 complications. Conclusions: Percutaneous ablation demonstrates clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile in selected BCLM patients, achieving OS comparable to the current literature. Further studies should clarify its additive role within multimodality treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17233823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T10:34:01Z","timestamp":1764758041000},"page":"3823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical Efficacy of Percutaneous Image-Guided Ablation in Breast Cancer Metastases to the Liver"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Govindarajan","family":"Narayanan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA"},{"name":"Department of Interventional Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA"},{"name":"Department of Interventional Radiology, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7160-9445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth Mary","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA"},{"name":"Department of Interventional Radiology, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5740-321X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madelon","family":"Dijkstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole T.","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA"},{"name":"Department of Interventional Radiology, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Donahue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA"},{"name":"Department of Interventional Radiology, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA"},{"name":"Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8185-7388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ripal T.","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA"},{"name":"Department of Interventional Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA"},{"name":"Department of Interventional Radiology, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reshma L.","family":"Mahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Starr","family":"Mautner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7203-2077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bente A. T.","family":"van den Bemd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA"},{"name":"Department of Interventional Radiology, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2024","volume":"74","author":"Siegel","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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