{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T20:22:44Z","timestamp":1794428564272,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":222,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovarian cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the United States. This complex disease arises from tissues such as the ovarian surface epithelium, fallopian tube epithelium, endometrium, or ectopic M\u00fcllerian components and is characterized by diverse histological and molecular traits. Standard treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation have limited effectiveness and high toxicity. Targeted therapies, including poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP inhibitors, anti-angiogenics, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), face obstacles such as adaptive resistance and microenvironmental barriers that affect drug delivery and immune responses. Factors in the tumor microenvironment, such as dense stroma, hypoxia, immune suppression, cancer stem cells (CSCs), and angiogenesis, can reduce drug efficacy, worsen prognosis, and increase the risk of recurrence. Research highlights impaired immune function in ovarian cancer patients as a contributor to recurrence, emphasizing the importance of immunotherapies to target tumors and restore immune function. Preclinical studies and early clinical trials found that natural killer (NK) cell-based therapies have great potential to tackle ovarian tumors. This review explores the challenges and opportunities in treating ovarian cancer, focusing on how NK cells could help overcome these obstacles. Recent findings reveal that engineered NK cells, unlike their primary NK cells, can destroy both stem-like and differentiated ovarian tumors, pointing to their ability to target diverse tumor types. Animal studies on NK cell therapies for solid cancers have shown smaller tumor sizes, tumor differentiation in vivo, recruitment of NK and T cells in the tumor environment and peripheral tissues, restored immune function, and fewer tumor-related systemic effects\u2014suggesting a lower chance of recurrence. NK cells clinical trials in ovarian cancer patients have also shown encouraging results, and future directions include combining NK cell therapies with standard treatments to potentially boost effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17233862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T10:34:01Z","timestamp":1764758041000},"page":"3862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Natural Killer (NK) Cell-Based Therapies Have the Potential to Treat Ovarian Cancer Effectively by Targeting Diverse Tumor Populations and Reducing the Risk of Recurrence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1936-5985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kawaljit","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmuneLink, LLC, Riverside, CA 92508, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-025-06277-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of ovarian cancer in women aged 45\u2009+\u2009from 1990 to 2021 and projections for 2050: A systematic analysis based on the 2021 global burden of disease study","volume":"151","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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