{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:07:03Z","timestamp":1789168023620,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic inflammation is a well-established hallmark of cancer, playing a critical role in the initiation and progression of gliomas. Recent evidence underscores the importance of anti-inflammatory natural products as chemotherapeutic and potentially as chemopreventive agents, offering a safe and multifaceted approach to mitigate tumor-promoting inflammation in the brain. This review explores the interplay between major inflammation-related pathways\u2014such as NF-\u03baB, COX-2, and the NLRP3 inflammasome\u2014and key bioactive compounds derived from natural sources such as polyphenols, isothiocyanates, terpenes\/lignans, and omega-3-derived mediators. We provide evidence on the effect of these compounds on the above inflammatory triangle. We discuss emerging in vitro, in vivo preclinical and translational evidence in the context of glioma biology and highlight how these compounds may pass the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) and modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME), including immune cell infiltration and cytokine profiles that may act in a pro- or anti-inflammatory manner, highlighting their capacity to inhibit GBM-associated inflammation. Each substance may differentially influence the components of the inflammatory triangle. Overall, we position these agents as low-toxicity, formulation-aware adjuncts to standard care. The ultimate goal is offering novel insights on low-toxicity, inflammation-targeting interventions against malignant brain tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17243922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T10:35:51Z","timestamp":1765190151000},"page":"3922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Natural Anti-Inflammatory Agents in the Chemoprevention of Gliomas: Targeting Neuroinflammation and the Tumor Microenvironment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7700-7003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios S.","family":"Markopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2184-4945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chrissa","family":"Sioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0257-4481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George A.","family":"Alexiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Peschos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3884-4965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Vartholomatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Haematology, Unit of Molecular Biology and Translational Flow Cytometry, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0370-1024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanassios P.","family":"Kyritsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01635-6","article-title":"The global, regional, and national burden of cancer, 1990\u20132023, with forecasts to 2050: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023","volume":"406","author":"Force","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1159\/000323492","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of multifocal gliomas","volume":"79","author":"Giannopoulos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e383","DOI":"10.3747\/co.23.3082","article-title":"High-grade glioma management and response assessment\u2014Recent advances and current challenges","volume":"23","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. 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