{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T14:39:24Z","timestamp":1766587164987,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Prostate cancer is the most frequent male malignancy. The incidence of disease varies among different ethnic groups. CYP3A polymorphisms are candidates for prostate cancer susceptibility studies. The aim of the present study is to investigate the ethnicity-related clinical impact of CYP3A4 variants on prostate cancer risk. Methods: A systematic literature search and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. A total of 10 eligible studies, including 3116 prostate cancer cases and 3008 healthy controls, were analyzed. We evaluated the association between the CYP3A4*1B (rs2740574, \u2212392 A &gt; G) variant and prostate cancer risk in European Caucasians. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using six genetic models. Data were analyzed using fixed and random-effects models based on the I2 value of heterogeneity magnitude. Funnel plots and Egger\u2019s linear regression tests were used to assess publication bias. Results: CYP3A4*1B was associated with prostate cancer susceptibility in the allele (G vs. A: OR = 1.32, CI = 0.91\u20131.93), dominant (AG + GG vs. AA OR = 1.41, CI = 0.95\u20132.09), recessive (GG vs. AA + AG, OR = 1.82, CI = 1.26\u20132.63), homozygous (GG vs. AA, OR = 1.92, CI = 1.32\u20132.77), heterozygous model (AG vs. AA, OR = 1.31, CI = 0.89\u20131.93) and co-dominant model (AG vs. AA + GG; OR = 1.27, CI = 0.88\u20131.85). Significant heterogeneity characterized the allele, as well as the dominant model (I2 = 84.1%, I2 = 80.0%). Egger\u2019s tests (p &lt; 0.05) and funnel plots did not identify publication bias. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis indicates that the G allele and GG genotype might affect prostate cancer susceptibility in European Caucasians; however, the validity and reliability of the results need to be examined in future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18010058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T14:27:51Z","timestamp":1766586471000},"page":"58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["New Insights into Prostate Cancer Susceptibility in European Caucasians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of CYP3A4 Pharmacogene"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5882-0970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Pagoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5540-4104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Cava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, Technology and Society, University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5371-4758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George T.","family":"Tsangaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5456-300X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fotios","family":"Siannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, National and Kapodistrian University, 15784 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7545-8089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Drakoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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