{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:15:04Z","timestamp":1789578904458,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) comprises a spectrum of abnormal proliferative changes in the endometrium, ranging from benign glandular overgrowth to lesions with substantial malignant potential. The importance of risk stratification and early identification is highlighted by the growing recognition of EH as a precursor to endometrial cancer. The main causes of EH, according to epidemiological research, include obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), metabolic dysfunction, and extended exposure to unopposed estrogen. Emerging molecular markers, histological analysis, and imaging are all necessary for a proper diagnosis of EH because it might appear with vague clinical symptoms such as irregular uterine bleeding. Surgical intervention or progestin therapy are two possible management techniques for EH, depending on the lesion\u2019s intricacy and the patient\u2019s medical history, including fertility issues. Personalized therapy techniques and recent developments in molecular profiling have the potential to enhance patient outcomes by matching treatment to tumor biology and individual risk profiles. This review highlights the translational potential of molecular insights while synthesizing the most recent data on the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic techniques, and therapy of EH. A deeper comprehension of these elements is necessary to maximize treatment results and stop the development of endometrial cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18010148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T14:08:11Z","timestamp":1767190091000},"page":"148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Endometrial Hyperplasia: Current Insights into Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Apostolia","family":"Galani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofoklis","family":"Stavros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital \u201cATTIKON\u201d, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3333-2620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efthalia","family":"Moustakli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 4th kilometer National Highway Str. Ioannina-Athens, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7716-1521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios","family":"Potiris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital \u201cATTIKON\u201d, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9553-6803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Zikopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust Lowes Brg, Torquay TQ2 7AA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismini","family":"Anagnostaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3076-818X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Zacharis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Lamia, 35100 Lamia, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Paraskevaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3623-1316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deirdre","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4621-4704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Maneta-Stavrakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Thomakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kyrgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8899-3040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterini","family":"Domali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"232","article-title":"New concepts for an old problem: The diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia","volume":"23","author":"Sanderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. 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