{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:13:32Z","timestamp":1785428012201,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NCI","award":["P30 CA008748 (MSK)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA008748 (MSK)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The tumor microenvironment (TME) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an enriched stroma, hampering the effectiveness of therapy. This co-clinical study aimed to (1) provide insight into early post-treatment changes in the TME using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-derived quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIBs) in a preclinical PDAC model treated with radiotherapy and correlate these QIBs with histology; (2) evaluate the feasibility of obtaining these QIBs in patients with PDAC using clinically approved mpMRI data acquisitions. Methods: Athymic mice (n = 12) at pre- and post-treatment as well as patients with PDAC (n = 11) at pre-treatment underwent mpMRI including diffusion-weighted (DW) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) data acquisition sequences. DW and DCE data were analyzed using monoexponential and extended Tofts models, respectively. DeepLIIF quantified the total percentage (%) of tumor cells in hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E)-stained tissues from athymic mice. Spearman correlation and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were performed for statistical analysis. Results: In the preclinical PDAC model, mean pre- and post-treatment ADC and Ktrans values differed significantly (p &lt; 0.01), changing by 20.50% and 20.41%, respectively, and the median total tumor cells quantified by DeepLIIF was 24% (range: 15\u201353%). Post-treatment ADC values and relative change in ve (r\u0394ve) showed a significant negative correlation with total tumor cells (\u03c1 = \u22120.77, p &lt; 0.014 for ADC and \u03c1 = \u22120.77, p = 0.009 for r\u0394ve). In patients with PDAC, pre-treatment mean ADC and Ktrans values were 1.76 \u00d7 10\u22123 (mm2\/s) and 0.24 (min\u22121), respectively. Conclusions: QIBs in both preclinical and clinical settings underscore their potential for future co-clinical research to evaluate emerging drug combinations targeting both tumor and stroma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18020273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T14:35:38Z","timestamp":1768487738000},"page":"273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tumor Microenvironment: Insights from Multiparametric MRI in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Paudyal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0827-1801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Carl","family":"Lekaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph O.","family":"Deasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4245-5591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John L.","family":"Humm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Awais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5030-9792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6554-0310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard K. G.","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8076-9199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eileen M.","family":"O\u2019Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence H.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amita","family":"Shukla-Dave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2025","volume":"75","author":"Siegel","year":"2025","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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