{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T21:24:56Z","timestamp":1769462696545,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Mounting evidence indicates that the p53 Pro72Arg single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may play a role in modulating hepatocarcinogenesis in the setting of chronic HBV infection. However, there is currently a lack of studies focusing on this genetic variant in Indonesia, a country characterized by its diverse genetic landscape comprising over 1300 distinct ethnic groups. We aimed to investigate the association between the p53 Pro72Arg polymorphism and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among Indonesian patients with chronic HBV infection. Methods: A total of 140 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were recruited, including 79 with HCC and 61 without HCC serving as controls. We used direct sequencing of DNA extracted from peripheral blood to analyze the SNPs of p53 codon 72. Results: The distribution of p53 Pro72Arg genotypes among Indonesian CHB patients was 12.9% for proline homozygotes (Pro\/Pro), 31.4% for arginine homozygotes (Arg\/Arg), and 55.7% for proline\/arginine heterozygotes (Pro\/Arg). Despite the lack of association between the SNPs and HCC risk in the overall population, both the Pro\/Arg and Arg\/Arg genotypes demonstrate an increased susceptibility to HCC compared to Pro\/Pro genotypes exclusively in the Madurese ethnic group. Additionally, we discovered that in those with decompensated cirrhosis, the heterozygote Pro\/Arg was more likely to develop HCC than the homozygous Pro\/Pro. No significant association was found between the SNPs of p53 Pro72Arg and the clinicopathological characteristics of HCC. Conclusions: The p53 Pro72Arg polymorphism might contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis in Indonesian chronic hepatitis B patients, particularly Madurese and those with liver decompensation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18030380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T11:14:07Z","timestamp":1769426047000},"page":"380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of p53 Pro72Arg Polymorphism with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in Hepatitis B Across Multiethnic Populations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ulfa","family":"Kholili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9384-2172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal Arifi","family":"Hidayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"},{"name":"Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ugroseno Yudho","family":"Bintoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soetjipto","family":"Soetjipto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9383-6354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aryati","family":"Aryati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alwi","family":"Alaydrus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Specialist Study Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Specialist Study Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1415-6033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Miftahussurur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia"},{"name":"Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma: Natural history, current management, and emerging tools","volume":"6","author":"Tinkle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2025.26.8.2845","article-title":"Association of Interleukin-27 (IL-27) rs181206 T\/C and rs17855750 T\/G Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Hepatitis B Infection among Egyptians","volume":"26","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asian Pacific. 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