{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:36:25Z","timestamp":1783697785567,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Uveal melanoma (UM) is a subtype of melanoma that originates from the uveal layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, choroid) and is biologically distinct from cutaneous melanoma. The real-world evidence on treatment patterns and survival outcomes, particularly from non-Western populations, remains limited. This study provides a comprehensive national overview of local and systemic management of UM across T\u00fcrkiye. Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study, coordinated by the Turkish Oncology Group (TOG), included patients diagnosed with UM between 2012 and 2025 across 19 tertiary oncology centers. Clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes were analyzed. Systemic therapies were subgrouped as immunotherapy or cytotoxic chemotherapy. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed by the Kaplan\u2013Meier method; prognostic factors for OS were analyzed by Cox regression. Results: A total of 113 patients were included; 89.4% presented with localized disease. During follow-up, 43.4% developed metastases, predominantly hepatic (93.5%). 47.4% of metastatic patients received liver-directed treatments; the most common treatment was radioembolization, and these treatments were associated with longer OS. Among 59 patients receiving systemic therapy, immunotherapy demonstrated higher ORR and DCR than chemotherapy across treatment lines, although small subgroup sizes limited statistical significance. Dual immune checkpoint blockade emerged as an independent favorable prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. Median OS for metastatic patients was 16 months (95% CI: 9.3\u201322.7). HLA-A*02:01 was positive in 29.4% of patients tested, and only three patients received tebentafusp. Conclusions: This large national cohort highlights substantial real-world heterogeneity in treatment patterns and confirms the limited efficacy of chemotherapy, the prognostic benefit of dual ICI therapy, and the potential survival advantage of liver-directed treatments in selected patients. Low HLA-A*02:01 positivity and limited access to tebentafusp remain major challenges in T\u00fcrkiye. These findings provide an essential benchmark for improving treatment strategies in metastatic UM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18030394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T15:41:56Z","timestamp":1769528516000},"page":"394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Real-World Treatment Patterns and Survival in Uveal Melanoma: A Multicenter Cohort Study by the Turkish Oncology Group (TOG)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1461-7485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sercan","family":"On","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, \u0130zmir 35100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1758-2321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selin","family":"Cebeci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Cerrahpa\u015fa Faculty of Medicine, \u0130stanbul University\u2013Cerrahpa\u015fa, \u0130stanbul 34098, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0558-9371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynep Hande","family":"Turna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Cerrahpa\u015fa Faculty of Medicine, \u0130stanbul University\u2013Cerrahpa\u015fa, \u0130stanbul 34098, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8960-2208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynep G\u00fcls\u00fcm","family":"G\u00fc\u00e7 Sevgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, \u0130zmir Katip \u00c7elebi University Atat\u00fcrk Training and Research Hospital, \u0130zmir 35620, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6924-9467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deniz Can","family":"Guven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1637-7390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadettin","family":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7kap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, \u0130stinye University Faculty of Medicine, \u0130stanbul 34010, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1809-5581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Nuri","family":"Ba\u015fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Ayd\u0131n 09010, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4380-9419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilgin","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Ayd\u0131n 09010, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1053-0668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sedat","family":"Biter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, \u00c7ukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana 01250, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8713-7613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ertu\u011frul","family":"Bayram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, \u00c7ukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana 01250, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0130-7111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berkay","family":"Ye\u015filyurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara 06520, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0929-3271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Do\u011fan","family":"Uncu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara 06520, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6126-4611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet Melih","family":"Arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, \u0130zmir 35340, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2803-9287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"Ata\u011f Aky\u00fcrek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dokuz Eylul University Institute of Oncology, \u0130zmir 35340, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2215-5567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayati","family":"Arvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbak\u0131r 21280, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3878-988X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuhat","family":"Urak\u00e7\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbak\u0131r 21280, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2749-9414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teoman","family":"\u015eakalar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Kahramanmara\u015f S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc \u0130mam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmara\u015f 46000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9153-6921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferit","family":"Aslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Park Ankara Hospital, Ankara 06510, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8596-4233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Uzun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, \u0130zmir 35100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4479-8136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Sanko University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep 27310, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6654-3815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"Unlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, University of Health Sciences Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya 07070, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4107-3460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derya","family":"K\u0131vrak Salim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, University of Health Sciences Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya 07070, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4859-7574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atike P\u0131nar","family":"Erdo\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Manisa 45100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1976-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Kocaeli City Hospital, Kocaeli 41200, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6658-6345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u015eeyda","family":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Ko\u00e7 University Hospital, \u0130stanbul 34300, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5720-8254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burcu","family":"G\u00fclba\u011fc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Tekirda\u011f City Hospital, Tekirda\u011f 59000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2638-1625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u015eaziye Bur\u00e7ak","family":"Karaca Yayla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, \u0130zmir 35100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3790-791X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burcu","family":"Cakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, \u0130zmir 35100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S89591","article-title":"Uveal melanoma: Epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of primary disease","volume":"11","author":"Krantz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2016.1037","article-title":"Clinical presentation and management of uveal melanoma","volume":"5","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"93","article-title":"The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more \u201cpersonalized\u201d approach to cancer staging","volume":"67","author":"Amin","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4651","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0538","article-title":"Very Long-Term Prognosis of Patients with Malignant Uveal Melanoma","volume":"44","author":"Kujala","year":"2003","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group (2001). Assessment of Metastatic Disease Status at Death in 435 Patients with Large Choroidal Melanoma in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS). Arch. Ophthalmol., 119, 670\u2013676.","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.5.670"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3042","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01705","article-title":"Isolated Hepatic Perfusion with Melphalan for Patients with Isolated Uveal Melanoma Liver Metastases: A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label, Phase III Trial (the SCANDIUM Trial)","volume":"41","author":"Bagge","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz176","article-title":"Meta-analysis in metastatic uveal melanoma to determine progression free and overall survival benchmarks: An international rare cancers initiative (IRCI) ocular melanoma study","volume":"30","author":"Khoja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2103485","article-title":"Overall Survival Benefit with Tebentafusp in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma","volume":"385","author":"Nathan","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.00550","article-title":"Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab for Treatment-Na\u00efve Metastatic Uveal Melanoma: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase II Trial by the Spanish Multidisciplinary Melanoma Group (GEM-1402)","volume":"39","author":"Piulats","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7887","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55675-5","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic uveal melanoma: A meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Yamada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e1ncz\u00e9l, G., Horv\u00e1th, P., Temaj, E., Czirbesz, K., Kisp\u00e1l, M.T., Fr\u00f6hlich, G., and Balatoni, T. (2025). Real-World Outcomes of Ipilimumab\u2013Nivolumab vs. Anti-PD-1 Monotherapy in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Cancers, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17213521"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3344","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30258","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in metastatic uveal melanoma treated with PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies","volume":"122","author":"Algazi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.03.012","article-title":"American Joint Committee on Cancer Classification of Posterior Uveal Melanoma (Tumor Size Category) Predicts Prognosis in 7731 Patients","volume":"120","author":"Shields","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)99037-6","article-title":"Long-term survival in choroidal and ciliary body melanoma after enucleation versus plaque radiation therapy","volume":"105","author":"Augsburger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194472","article-title":"Frequent mutation of BAP1 in metastasizing uveal melanomas","volume":"330","author":"Harbour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt585","article-title":"Hepatic intra-arterial versus intravenous fotemustine in patients with liver metastases from uveal melanoma (EORTC 18021): A multicentric randomized trial","volume":"25","author":"Leyvraz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.03.064","article-title":"Transarterial chemoembolization of liver metastases in patients with uveal melanoma","volume":"74","author":"Huppert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-012-0373-5","article-title":"Radioembolization as Locoregional Therapy of Hepatic Metastases in Uveal Melanoma Patients","volume":"36","author":"Klingenstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-019-02366-8","article-title":"Predictors of Overall and Progression-Free Survival in Patients with Ocular Melanoma Metastatic to the Liver Undergoing Y90 Radioembolization","volume":"43","author":"Levey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9510","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.9510","article-title":"FOCUS phase 3 trial results: Percutaneous hepatic perfusion (PHP) with melphalan for patients with ocular melanoma liver metastases (PHP-OCM-301\/301A)","volume":"40","author":"Zager","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28480","article-title":"Metastatic melanoma to the liver: A contemporary and comprehensive review of surgical, systemic, and regional therapeutic options","volume":"120","author":"Agarwala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06036-y","article-title":"Combining Hepatic Percutaneous Perfusion with Ipilimumab plus Nivolumab in advanced uveal melanoma (CHOPIN): Study protocol for a phase Ib\/randomized phase II trial","volume":"23","author":"Tong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Vidal, C., Fernandez-Diaz, D., Fernandez-Marta, B., Lago-Baameiro, N., Pardo, M., Silva, P., Paniagua, L., Blanco-Teijeiro, M.J., Pi\u00f1eiro, A., and Bande, M. (2020). Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma: Systematic Review. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12092557"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.133","article-title":"Systemic treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma: Review of literature and future perspectives","volume":"2","author":"Buder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1000584","article-title":"Mutations in GNA11 in uveal melanoma","volume":"363","author":"Griewank","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakhoum, M.F., and Esmaeli, B. (2019). Molecular Characteristics of Uveal Melanoma: Insights from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Project. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11081061"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.00605","article-title":"Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma: Results from a Single-Arm Phase II Study","volume":"39","author":"Pelster","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2338612","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.38612","article-title":"Eligibility for Human Leukocyte Antigen\u2013Based Therapeutics by Race and Ethnicity","volume":"6","author":"Olivier","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.115161","article-title":"Treatment sequence with tebentafusp and immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma and metastatic GNA11\/GNAQ mutant melanocytic tumors","volume":"214","author":"Dimitriou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02015-7","article-title":"Clinical and molecular response to tebentafusp in previously treated patients with metastatic uveal melanoma: A phase 2 trial","volume":"28","author":"Carvajal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.11.013","article-title":"Overall survival from tebentafusp versus nivolumab plus ipilimumab in first-line metastatic uveal melanoma: A propensity score-weighted analysis","volume":"35","author":"Piulats","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000575","article-title":"Overall survival after treatment for metastatic uveal melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Rantala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Melanoma Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Sun, W., and Wang, B. (2025). Evaluating the efficacy and safety of tebentafusp in the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma: A 2025 update systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Oncol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1667282"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/18\/3\/394\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T08:57:20Z","timestamp":1769590640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/18\/3\/394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers18030394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers18030394","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]}}}