{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T18:27:48Z","timestamp":1769797668084,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Program","award":["JCYJ20240813151606009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20240813151606009"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012151","name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SZSM202211030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZSM202211030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023A1515011365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515011365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Purpose: Based on the distortion of the current conformity index (CI) formula in handling multi-target plans, the VTV parameter in the current CI formula has been redefined to more accurately calculate the CI value of multi-target plans, providing a reference for clinical applications. Methods and Materials: Considering the limitations of the current VTV calculation formula in CI proposed by van\u2019t Riet and Paddick, a new VTV has been defined to better reflect the true conformity of the target volume in multi-target planning. We selected 15 breast cancer (BC) plans with PTVsc and PTVcw as the target volumes, and 15 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) plans with PTVp, PTVn, PTVrpn, PTV1, and PTV2 as target volumes. VTVnew and CInew were calculated using the proposed formulas, while VTVold and CIold were calculated using traditional formulas based on van\u2019t Riet and Paddick. A paired, two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to compare VTVnew with VTVold, and CInew with CIold across all target volumes. Pearson\u2019s correlation analysis was performed between CInew and CIold. Results: For BC, the VTV values calculated by the two methods for PTVsc and PTVcw showed statistically significant differences; the values calculated in this study were significantly lower than those calculated by van\u2019t Riet and Paddick (p &lt; 0.05). Consequently, the CInew values for BC were significantly higher than CIold. These results were consistent with those for PTVp, PTVn, PTVrpn, and PTV2 in NPC. For PTV1 in NPC, the results calculated by the two formulas were identical. Conclusions: The new VTV calculation formula eliminates the influence of dose spillage from adjacent targets, retaining only the prescription dose range of the specific target under analysis. This makes the calculated CI more reflective of true conformity compared to traditional formulas. We recommend using the proposed formula to calculate CI values for multi-target plans such as those for BC and NPC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18030426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T17:40:22Z","timestamp":1769622022000},"page":"426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Generalization of the Conformity Index for Multi-Target Radiotherapy Plans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4999-1223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Sang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3207-965X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8863-9716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enzhuo","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianrong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3445","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.15137","article-title":"Dosimetric comparison of five different radiotherapy treatment planning approaches for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer with sequential plan changes","volume":"14","author":"Saito","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thorac. 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