{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:02:30Z","timestamp":1792803750143,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nantong First People\u2019s Hospital Provincial and Ministerial Level High-level Science and Technology Project Cultivation Fund","award":["No. YPYJJYB24015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. YPYJJYB24015"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05pdn2z45","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Nantong Municipal Health Commission Scientific Research Project","award":["No. MS2024028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. MS2024028"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0578pqz98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Nantong Municipal Health Commission","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0578pqz98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome characterized by progressive skeletal muscle wasting, chronic systemic inflammation, and profound metabolic imbalance. Sustained activation of the nuclear factor \u03baB (NF-\u03baB) signaling pathway lies at the core of its pathogenesis, driving muscle proteolysis, impairing regenerative capacity, disrupting adipose tissue homeostasis, and promoting insulin resistance and anorexia. By transcriptionally regulating catabolic and pro-inflammatory gene programs across skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, the liver, and the central nervous system, NF-\u03baB establishes a self-amplifying inflammatory\u2013metabolic loop that perpetuates tissue wasting and systemic dysfunction. Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence identifies NF-\u03baB as a viable therapeutic target in cancer cachexia. Pharmacologic inhibitors (e.g., SR12343, DHMEQ), anti-inflammatory strategies (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and IL-6 receptor\u2013targeting antibodies), and nutritional interventions (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids) have shown efficacy in attenuating cachexia-associated inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and tissue loss. Notably, emerging multimodal approaches integrating NF-\u03baB modulation with metabolic support, chemotherapy, and behavioral interventions demonstrate synergistic benefits. This review integrates current mechanistic insights and therapeutic advances, highlighting NF-\u03baB as a central pathogenic axis and a compelling target for translational intervention in cancer cachexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18040557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T12:42:42Z","timestamp":1770640962000},"page":"557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["NF-\u03baB Signaling as a Central Driver of Cancer Cachexia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0294-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Southeast University Affiliated Nantong First People\u2019s Hospital, Nantong 226001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China"},{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Haimen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Haimen 226100, China"},{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southeast University Affiliated Nantong First People\u2019s Hospital, Nantong 226001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Southeast University Affiliated Nantong First People\u2019s Hospital, Nantong 226001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9897-6789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengguang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southeast University Affiliated Nantong First People\u2019s Hospital, Nantong 226001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu086","article-title":"Validation of the Consensus-Definition for Cancer Cachexia and evaluation of a classification model\u2014A study based on data from an international multicentre project (EPCRC-CSA)","volume":"25","author":"Blum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. 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