{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:56:33Z","timestamp":1790996193274,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017183","name":"Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017183","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Legend Biotech USA Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) for relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma is typically administered inpatient (IP) to monitor for cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Because cilta-cel toxicities are typically delayed, outpatient (OP) administration (infusion and early monitoring) is being explored. We synthesized available evidence on OP and IP administration. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 5 August 2025, supplemented by conference and gray literature searches. Eligible studies of adults with multiple myeloma receiving cilta-cel reported efficacy, safety, resource use, costs, and\/or quality-of-life outcomes; findings were synthesized descriptively due to heterogeneity. Results: Seventy-four records (56 studies) were included; 90 patients received OP cilta-cel. OP clinical evidence (primarily three real-world studies) showed high response rates (ORR: 95%; median follow-up 4.6 months) and reported 1-year PFS and OS of 86% and 96%. In IP studies, median ORR was 91%, with median 1-year PFS 76% and median 1-year OS 85%. Any-grade CRS and ICANS occurred in 79\u201384% and 17\u201322% of OP patients (largely low grade); IP cohorts reported a median ICANS incidence of 17% (range 5\u201323%). Most OP patients were later hospitalized (86\u201393%), but stays were shorter (median 4\u20136.5 days) than in an IP cohort (median 19 days). Comparisons were unadjusted and may reflect selection differences. One modeling-based economic analysis estimated savings of ~$19,000 per OP-treated patient. Conclusions: OP cilta-cel appears feasible for selected patients and may reduce costs without compromising outcomes. Findings are descriptive and hypothesis-generating and prospective multicenter studies are needed to define long-term safety, durability, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18050755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T13:58:03Z","timestamp":1772114283000},"page":"755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Outpatient Versus Inpatient Administration of Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel in Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Clinical, Economic, and Humanistic Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Tara","family":"Gregory","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarah Cannon Cancer Network, Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver, CO 80218, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin C.","family":"De Braganca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johnson & Johnson, Raritan, NJ 08869, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Alegria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Scientific Affairs, Horsham, PA 19044, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Perciavalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Legend Biotech USA, Inc., Somerset, NJ 08854, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0509-2659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravi","family":"Potluri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Putnam Associates, New York, NY 10282, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandip","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Putnam Associates, Gurgaon 122002, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Bixby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Scientific Affairs, Horsham, PA 19044, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaina P.","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Scientific Affairs, Horsham, PA 19044, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-10-078022","article-title":"Multiple myeloma","volume":"111","author":"Kyle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2021.100808","article-title":"Improving outcomes for patients with relapsed multiple myeloma: Challenges and considerations of current and emerging treatment options","volume":"49","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, C.H., Tariq, M.J., Ullah, F., Sannareddy, A., Khalid, F., Abbas, H., Bader, A., Samaras, C., Valent, J., and Khouri, J. (2024). Current Novel Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Multiple Myeloma. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25116192"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Besliu, C., Tanase, A.D., Rotaru, I., Espinoza, J., Vidal, L., Poelman, M., Juan, M., de Larrea, C.F., and Saini, K.S. (2025). The Evolving Landscape in Multiple Myeloma: From Risk Stratification to T Cell-Directed Advanced Therapies. Cancers, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17030525"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2023.0061","article-title":"Multiple Myeloma, Version 2.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology","volume":"21","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023021221","article-title":"CAR T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma: Mission accomplished?","volume":"143","author":"Rasche","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-024-01191-8","article-title":"CAR-T cell therapy in Multiple Myeloma: Current status and future challenges","volume":"14","author":"Swan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00933-8","article-title":"Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-1): A phase 1b\/2 open-label study","volume":"398","author":"Berdeja","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00842","article-title":"Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, an anti\u2013B-cell maturation antigen chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, for relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: CARTITUDE-1 2-year follow-up","volume":"41","author":"Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2303379","article-title":"Cilta-cel or standard care in lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"389","author":"Dhakal","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chekol Abebe, E., Yibeltal Shiferaw, M., Tadele Admasu, F., and Asmamaw Dejenie, T. (2022). Ciltacabtagene autoleucel: The second anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapeutic armamentarium of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.991092"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7842","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-208668","article-title":"Trajectories of Patient-Reported Outcomes after Idecabtagene Vicleucel Vs. Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel CAR T-Cell Therapy Among Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma in Standard of Care","volume":"144","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024025945","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of standard-of-care ciltacabtagene autoleucel for relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"145","author":"Sidana","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansen, D.K., Liu, Y.H., Ranjan, S., Bhandari, H., Potluri, R., McFarland, L., De Braganca, K.C., and Huo, S. (2023). The Impact of Outpatient versus Inpatient Administration of CAR-T Therapies on Clinical, Economic, and Humanistic Outcomes in Patients with Hematological Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15245746"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.148","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy\u2014Assessment and management of toxicities","volume":"15","author":"Neelapu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1080\/14796694.2025.2476382","article-title":"Establishing a successful outpatient CAR T-Cell program with cilta-cel: Real-world experience from an expert roundtable","volume":"21","author":"Alsina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansen, D.K., Dhakal, B., Hamadani, M., Dingli, D., Jain, T., Huff, C.A., Janakiram, M., Liu, Y.-H., De Braganca, K.C., and Lodowski, N. (2024). Clinician and administrator perspectives on outpatient administration of ciltacabtagene autoleucel in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Front. Immunol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1405452"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s40487-023-00232-9","article-title":"Patient Perceptions of CAR-T Therapy in the USA: Findings from In-Depth Interviews","volume":"11","author":"Bixby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2021.01.014","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy: A comprehensive review of clinical efficacy, toxicity, and best practices for outpatient administration","volume":"27","author":"Alexander","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transplant. Cell. Ther."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4320","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024013239","article-title":"Outpatient administration of CAR T-cell therapies using a strategy of no remote monitoring and early CRS intervention","volume":"8","author":"Furqan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Higgins, J.P.T., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M.J., and Welch, V.A. (2024). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Version 6.3 (Updated August 2024), Cochrane."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, A., Cohen, Y., Suvannasankha, A., van de Donk, N., San-Miguel, J., De Braganca, K., Jackson, C., Schecter, J., Vlummens, P., and Varsos, H. (2023, January 27\u201330). P-240 Efficacy and safety of ciltacabtagene autoleucel in patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma and prior noncellular anti-BCMA therapy: CARTITUDE-2 cohort C. Proceedings of the International Myeloma Society 2023, Athens, Greece.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2152-2650(23)01858-X"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022015526","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of cilta-cel in patients with progressive multiple myeloma after exposure to other BCMA-targeting agents","volume":"141","author":"Cohen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7535","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.7535","article-title":"Ciltacabtagene autoleucel in patients with lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma: CARTITUDE-2 cohort A expansion subgroup","volume":"42","author":"Cohen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-178882","article-title":"The phase 2 CARTITUDE-2 trial: Updated efficacy and safety of ciltacabtagene autoleucel in patients with multiple myeloma and 1-3 prior lines of therapy (cohort A) and with early relapse after first line treatment (cohort B)","volume":"142","author":"Hillengass","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HS9.0000846704.03590.a5","article-title":"P959: Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel in Lenalidomide-Refractory Patients with Progressive Multiple Myeloma After 1-3 Prior Lines of Therapy: Cartitude-2 Biological Correlative Analyses and Updated Clinical Data","volume":"6","author":"Hillengass","year":"2022","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-199187","article-title":"Real-World Efficacy Outcomes of Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel in Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Comparative Study with the Cartitude-1 Trial","volume":"144","author":"Kamboj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4758","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-201783","article-title":"Delayed neurotoxicity after CAR-T in multiple myeloma: Results from a global IMWG registry","volume":"144","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70070","DOI":"10.1002\/hem3.70070","article-title":"Idecabtagene vicleucel or ciltacabtagene autoleucel for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: An international multicenter study","volume":"9","author":"Merz","year":"2025","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HS9.0000936240.43628.7e","article-title":"P28 Efficacy and Safety of Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel (Cilta-Cel) in Patients with Progressive Multiple Myeloma (mm) After Exposure to Non-Cellular Anti-B-Cell Maturation Antigen (Bcma) Immunotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Mateos","year":"2023","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HS9.0000936128.56463.c8","article-title":"B09 Cartitude-2 Cohort B 18-Month Follow-Up: Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel (Cilta-Cel), A Bcma-Directed Car-T Cell Therapy, in Patients with Multiple Myeloma (mm) and Early Relapse After Initial Therapy","volume":"7","author":"Zweegman","year":"2023","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arnulf, B., Kerre, T., Agha, M.E., Delforge, M., Braunschweig, I., Shah, N., Richard, S., Alsina, M., Einsele, H., and Mistry, P. (2024, January 31\u20134). Efficacy and safety of ciltacabtagene autoleucel \u00b1 lenalidomide maintenance in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma with suboptimal response to frontline autologous stem cell transplant: CARTITUDE-2 cohort D. Proceedings of the 2024 ASCO Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, USA.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2152-2650(24)00980-7"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60980-2","article-title":"Immune correlates of anti-BCMA CAR-T products idecabtagene vicleucel and ciltacabtagene autoleucel in a real-world cohort of patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"16","author":"Atanackovic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"184","article-title":"Cytopenias and infections following ciltacabtagene autoleucel in heavily-pretreated relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"111","author":"Dima","year":"2025","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-210746","article-title":"The Differences between Ide-Cel and Cilta-Cel in Relapsed Myeloma at Single Cell Resolution","volume":"144","author":"Fandrei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3791","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-205347","article-title":"CAR-T Therapy Showdown: Comparative Efficacy and Safety of of Ide-Cel (Idecabtagene vicleucel) and Cilta-Cel (Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel) in Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM): A Real-World Study","volume":"144","author":"Gul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-211128","article-title":"Anti-BCMA CAR T-Cell Expansion and Its Association with Response and Toxicity in Multiple Myeloma","volume":"144","author":"Hosoya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Artzenroth, J., Alsdorf, W., Al-Bazaz, M., Kamili, A., Kosch, R., Karagiannis, P., Madanchi, R., Rolling, C., Schaefers, C., and Seidel, C. (2025, January 12\u201315). Real-world data on bridging strategies, toxicity and outcomes of relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma patients treated with CAR-T-cells. Proceedings of the EHA 2025 Congress, Milan, Italy."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.12.242","article-title":"Safety and feasibility of outpatient administration of ciltacabtagene autoleucel (Cilta-cel)","volume":"30","author":"Ly","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplant. Cell. Ther. Off."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2024.06.012","article-title":"Timing of toxicities and non-relapse mortality following CAR T therapy in myeloma","volume":"30","author":"Wesson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplant. Cell. Ther."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00690","article-title":"Phase II, Open-Label Study of Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel, an Anti\u2013B-Cell Maturation Antigen Chimeric Antigen Receptor\u2013T-Cell Therapy, in Chinese Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (CARTIFAN-1)","volume":"41","author":"Mi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01530-z","article-title":"Long-term remission and survival in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma after treatment with LCAR-B38M CAR T cells: 5-year follow-up of the LEGEND-2 trial","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2025.01.712","article-title":"Expanding Outpatient Administration of FDA Approved Immune Effector Cells to Decrease Utilization of Inpatient Resources and Hospital Length of Stay","volume":"31","author":"Mitchell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transplant. Cell. Ther."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.12.539","article-title":"Carvykti (cilta-cel) real world outcomes across the Sarah Cannon transplant cell therapy network","volume":"30","author":"Gregory","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplant. Cell. Ther. Off."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Hansen, D., Castaneda Puglianini, O., Zhang, E., Usmani, S., Sachdev, R., Perciavalle, M., Jagannath, S., Lu, X., De Wiest, D., and Huo, S. (2024, January 12\u201313). Comparative cost-per-responder analysis of ciltacabtagene autoleucel and real-world standard-of-care therapy in patients with lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma. Proceedings of the NEXUS 2024 Conference, Las Vegas, NV, USA."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.12.530","article-title":"Cost per responder analysis of patients with lenalidomide-Refractory multiple myeloma who received cilta-Cel from the cartitude-4 trial","volume":"30","author":"Hansen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplant. Cell. Ther. Off."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s40487-023-00228-5","article-title":"Component costs of CAR-T therapy in addition to treatment acquisition costs in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"11","author":"Jagannath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.12.543","article-title":"Evaluation of outpatient administration of ciltacabtagene autoleucel in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: Single center experience","volume":"30","author":"Waqar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplant. Cell. Ther. Off."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5083","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-181179","article-title":"Cost per responder analysis of patients with lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma who received cilta-cel from the CARTITUDE-4 trial","volume":"142","author":"Hansen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2023.2207742","article-title":"Cost effectiveness analysis of CAR-T cell therapy for patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma in China","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Econ."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4717","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-190583","article-title":"A real-world comparison of idecabtagene vicleucel and ciltacabtagene autoleucel CAR-T therapy: A single center experience for relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"142","author":"Gill","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-189468","article-title":"In Vivo Anti-BCMA CAR T-Cell Expansion Kinetics Correlate with Early IMWG Response in RRMM: A Single Institution Study with Comparative Analysis of Idecabtagene Vicleucel and Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel","volume":"142","author":"Kocoglu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6906","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-180320","article-title":"Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Hematologic Malignancies Receiving Bendamustine Lymphodepletion Prior to CAR-T Cell Infusion","volume":"142","author":"Christodoulou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-186395","article-title":"Multimodal single-cell transcriptomic and proteomic correlatives of patients outcomes following anti-BCMA cellular therapy with ciltacabtagene autoleucel (Cilta-cel) in relapsed multiple myeloma","volume":"142","author":"Melnekoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6924","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-182212","article-title":"Use of cilta-cel CAR T cells following previous use of a BCMA-directed CAR T-cell product in heavily treated patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: A single institution case series","volume":"142","author":"Attar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8012","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2023.41.16_suppl.8012","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of standard of care (SOC) ciltacabtagene autoleucel (Cilta-cel) for relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)","volume":"41","author":"Hansen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO-24-01730","article-title":"Comparison of standard-of-care idecabtagene vicleucel and ciltacabtagene autoleucel in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"43","author":"Hansen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schorr, C., Forindez, J., Espinoza-Gutarra, M., Mehta, R., Grover, N., and Perna, F. (2023). Thrombotic events are unusual toxicities of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098349"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-187832","article-title":"Post CAR-T Peripheral Lymphocytosis and Its Kinetics Are a Potential Biomarker for Response and Immune Mediated Toxicities","volume":"142","author":"Saldarriaga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.10.001","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of anti-BCMA chimeric antigen receptor T Cell therapy in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"30","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplant. Cell. Ther."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10732748221142945","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748221142945","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of CAR T-cell therapies vs. antibody drug conjugates for patients with advanced multiple myeloma","volume":"30","author":"Kapinos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2025.04.1995","article-title":"EE396 Cost Per Responder Analysis of Patients with 3 Previous Lines and Lenalidomide Refractory Multiple Myeloma Who Received Cilta-Cel in the Brazilian Private Health System","volume":"28","author":"AGOSTINHO","year":"2025","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2025028330","article-title":"Remission conversion drives outcomes after CAR T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma: A registry analysis from the DRST","volume":"146","author":"Merz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood J."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-24-0118","article-title":"Bispecific antibodies as bridging to BCMA CAR-T cell therapy for relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"6","author":"Fandrei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7095","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-202101","article-title":"Persistent Thrombocytopenia and Neutropenia Are Associated with Increased Mortality in Patients Treated with Anti-BCMA CAR T Cells for Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma","volume":"144","author":"Wiemers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4624","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2025016712","article-title":"Sequential BCMA CAR-T Cell Therapy in Refractory Multiple Myeloma","volume":"9","author":"Richardson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-210451","article-title":"Efficacy of Anti-BCMA CAR-T Cell Therapies in Multiple Myeloma Patients with Prior Exposure to Bispecific Antibodies-Results from a Retrospective Multi-Center Registry Analysis","volume":"144","author":"Waldschmidt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Ailawadhi, S., Zhu, Y., DuCharme, M., Tiwana, S., Engel-Nitz, N., Carattini, T., Vu, M., and Patwardhan, P. (April, January 31). Economic Burden in Patients with CAR-T: Comparison of Idecabtagene Vicleucel with Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel. Proceedings of the AMCP 2025 Annual Meeting, Houston, TX, USA."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-211671","article-title":"Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel and Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Real-World Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Retrospective Intention-to-Treat Analysis","volume":"144","author":"Amoozgar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2025.01.313","article-title":"Risk Factors for Delayed Neurotoxicity in Patients with Relapsed Myeloma Who Received Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel (cilta-cel)","volume":"31","author":"Lim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transplant. Cell. Ther. Off."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7522","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2025.43.16_suppl.7522","article-title":"Investigating the association between peak post-infusion absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and delayed toxicity in myeloma (MM) patients (pts) receiving cilta-cel","volume":"43","author":"Lim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2025.01.326","article-title":"Freedomm: Fifth-Line or Later Real-World Evaluation of Efficacy and Disease Outcomes in Multiple Myeloma with Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel (Cilta-cel): Treatment-Free Interval (TFI) and Overall Survival (OS) with Bridging Therapies (BT)","volume":"31","author":"Ailawadhi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transplant. Cell. Ther."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4712","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-204257","article-title":"Efficacy of Stem Cell Boost (SCB) for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell (CAR-T)-Related Hematologic Toxicity in Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM)-a Multi-Center Real World Experience","volume":"144","author":"Varga","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024024965","article-title":"Tumor burden quantified by soluble B-cell maturation antigen and metabolic tumor volume determines myeloma CAR-T outcomes","volume":"145","author":"Freeman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Janssen Biotech, Inc. (2025, August 12). CARVYKTI (Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel) Outpatient Administration. JNJ Medical Con-nect. Available online: https:\/\/www.jnjmedicalconnect.com\/products\/carvykti\/medical-content\/carvykti-outpatient-administration."},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"Cohen, Y.C., Cohen, A.D., Delforge, M., Hillengass, J., Goldschmidt, H., Weisel, K., Raab, M.-S., Scheid, C., Schecter, J.M., and De Braganca, K.C. (2021, January 11\u201314). Efficacy and safety of ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, in lenalidomide-refractory patients with progressive multiple myeloma after 1\u20133 prior lines of therapy: Updated results from CARTITUDE-2. Proceedings of the 63rd American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting & Exposition, Atlanta, GA, USA."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-209232","article-title":"Long-Term Benefits in Patient-Reported Outcomes and Time to Next Anti-Myeloma Therapy of Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel (Cilta-cel) Versus Standard of Care for Patients with Lenalidomide-Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Results from the Phase 3 Cartitude-4 Clinical Trial","volume":"144","author":"Bar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-136368","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in the CARTITUDE-1 study of ciltacabtagene autoleucel for relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"136","author":"Martin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e897","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(22)00284-8","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in patients given ciltacabtagene autoleucel for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-1): A phase 1b\u20132, open-label study","volume":"9","author":"Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-178798","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes in the phase 3 CARTITUDE-4 study of ciltacabtagene autoleucel vs. standard of care in patients with lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma after 1-3 lines of therapy","volume":"142","author":"Mina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(24)00320-X","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes following ciltacabtagene autoleucel or standard of care in patients with lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-4): Results from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"12","author":"Mina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.1016\/S2152-2650(24)01999-2","article-title":"P-096 Patient-Reported Outcomes in the Phase 3 CARTITUDE-4 Study of Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel Vs Standard of Care in Patients with Lenalidomide-Refractory Multiple Myeloma After 1\u20133 Lines of Therapy","volume":"24","author":"Weisel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002056","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-002056","article-title":"Perspectives on outpatient administration of CAR-T cell therapy in aggressive B-cell lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"9","author":"Myers","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4964","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-153438","article-title":"Total car-T cost of care beyond the price of car-T cell therapy in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"138","author":"Jagannath","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.11.008","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in the outpatient setting: An expert panel opinion from the American society for transplantation and cellular therapy","volume":"30","author":"Oluwole","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplant. Cell. Ther."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/18\/5\/755\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T05:18:24Z","timestamp":1772601504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/18\/5\/755"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers18050755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers18050755","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]}}}