{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T08:17:18Z","timestamp":1773389838794,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022YFC2502700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2502700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81872431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81872431"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; the Collaborative Innovation Major Project","award":["XYXT- 2015304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XYXT- 2015304"]}]},{"name":"Project of State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University","award":["GNZ1201803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNZ1201803"]}]},{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project of Anhui Province","award":["202203a07020030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202203a07020030"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017668","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023s07020010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023s07020010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: B-cell malignancies have been effectively treated using chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) treatment employing traditional \u03b1\u03b2T cells. However, because of several obstacles, application in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still restricted. A safer \u201coff-the-shelf\u201d alternative can be supplied by CAR-\u03b3\u03b4T cells, which have major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent tumor identification capabilities and a decreased risk of graft versus host disease (GvHD). This study aimed to develop FLT3-targeted CAR-\u03b3\u03b4T cells that co-express cytokines (IL-2 or IL-7) to increase their anti-AML persistence and therapeutic efficacy. Methods: FLT3-CAR-\u03b3\u03b4T cells, FLT3-IL2-CAR-\u03b3\u03b4T cells, and FLT3-IL7-CAR-\u03b3\u03b4T cells were constructed. Their antitumor potency was comprehensively assessed through cytotoxicity assays, cytokine release, and persistence evaluation in vitro (using AML cell lines and primary AML cells) and in vivo (via mouse model). Results: Superior cytotoxicity against AML cell lines (OCI-AML3, MOLM-13, THP-1, and MV4-11) was demonstrated by FLT3-IL2-CAR-\u03b3\u03b4T cells, which also released higher levels of granzyme B, interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1). FLT3-IL2-CAR-\u03b3\u03b4T cells exhibited cytotoxicity in some primary AML cells in vitro. During the antigen-repeated stimulation assay, FLT3-IL2-CAR-\u03b3\u03b4T cells preserved the stem cell-like memory T (TSCM) cell subsets, sustained cytokine release, and maintained excellent viability. FLT3-IL2-CAR-\u03b3\u03b4T cells considerably slowed the development of AML in vivo and extended the existence (&gt;68 days) of mice. Conclusions: FLT3-IL2-CAR-\u03b3\u03b4T cells exhibit potent and durable anti-AML activity, providing a novel strategy for clinical AML immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18060901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T10:43:27Z","timestamp":1773225807000},"page":"901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Co-Expression of IL-2 Enhances the Efficacy of FLT3-CAR-\u03b3\u03b4T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xiaona","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengtao","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PersonGen BioTherapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Licui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PersonGen BioTherapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PersonGen BioTherapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2033-2005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gangli","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China"},{"name":"Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China"},{"name":"PersonGen BioTherapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, China"},{"name":"PersonGen.Anke Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Hefei 230088, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2021.101248","article-title":"Perspectives on current survival and new developments in AML","volume":"34","author":"Rowe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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