{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:11:50Z","timestamp":1780337510336,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Clinical outcomes for multiple myeloma are highly variable. Inherited genetic variants of immune regulatory genes can modulate disease susceptibility and clinical outcomes. The germline variant CTLA4 rs231775 polymorphism may alter T-cell function and affect clinical outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center study including 156 consecutive myeloma patients who underwent first-line ASCT. The patients were stratified according to the CTLA4 rs231775 genotype and disease stage (ISS I\u2013III). Results: The CTLA4 rs231775 AA genotype was associated with inferior PFS in ISS I\u2013II and superior PFS in ISS III. In the multivariate analysis, the CTLA4 rs231775 AA genotype emerged as a potential risk factor in ISS I-II and a potential protective factor in ISS III. Conclusions: This germline CTLA4 polymorphism may serve as biomarker to refine post-transplant risk stratification and enable personalized treatment management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18060963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T15:21:16Z","timestamp":1773674476000},"page":"963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Disease Stage-Dependent Clinical Impact of CTLA4 Polymorphism in Multiple Myeloma Treated with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Pinar","family":"Horum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3128-1573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Seipel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inna","family":"Shaforostova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1736-812X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Bertschinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8771-947X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrike","family":"Bacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6055-5257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Pabst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e538","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70442-5","article-title":"International Myeloma Working Group Updated Criteria for the Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma","volume":"15","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djae321","article-title":"The Global Multiple Myeloma Incidence and Mortality Burden in 2022 and Predictions for 2045","volume":"117","author":"Mafra","year":"2025","journal-title":"JNCI J. 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