{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T05:52:24Z","timestamp":1774936344735,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine at Semmelweis University, the Hungarian Ministry for Innovation and Technology, and the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund","award":["TKP2021-EGA-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-EGA-23"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011019","name":"NKFIH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K131996"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K131996"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011019","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011019","name":"NKFIH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K147265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K147265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011019","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Semmelweis University Research and Innovation Fund"},{"name":"European Research Executive Agency\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t              https:\/\/ror.org\/05mkt9r11","award":["101079210\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101079210\/2022"]}]},{"name":"UEFISCDI and the Romanian Ministry of Education within the framework of NEW-TRIP","award":["23PHE\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23PHE\/2023"]}]},{"name":"COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t              https:\/\/ror.org\/01bstzn19","award":["CA21116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA21116"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) frequently limit the feasibility and effectiveness of cancer treatment. However, CVD burden has not been comprehensively described in pancreatic cancer. In our systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated the prevalence and incidence of CVDs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: We conducted the systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL on 5 February 2024. Studies reporting the prevalence or incidence of CVDs in PDAC were included. Subgroup analyses were performed based on cancer stage and treatment type. Pooled proportions with the 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. (PROSPERO: CRD42023482295). Results: We included 197 articles. At PDAC diagnosis, non-thrombotic cardiovascular diseases (NT-CVDs) were as prevalent as in the general population: hypertension in 33% (CI: 27\u201340%), ischemic heart disease in 6% (CI: 3\u201312%), and heart failure, arrhythmia, and stroke each in 2\u20133%. Their incidence during treatment remained low (1\u201310%). Thrombotic events, excluding pulmonary embolism, were present in 11% (CI: 7\u201315%) at diagnosis, with an incidence of 8\u201310% regardless of stage or treatment. Pulmonary embolism affected 3% at diagnosis and occurred at a similar rate during treatment. Conclusions: Thromboembolic events are common in PDAC and occur both at diagnosis and during follow-up. Their incidence remains stable across treatment modalities and disease stages, suggesting that the tumor itself is the primary driver of thrombotic risk. The prevalence of NT-CVDs in PDAC is comparable to that in the general population and shows minimal variation across cancer stages or treatment modalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18071108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T09:57:24Z","timestamp":1774864644000},"page":"1108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cardiovascular Risk in Pancreatic Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 197 Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"J\u00e1zmin","family":"N\u00e9meth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7622 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8575-9978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jimin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orsolya","family":"Eperjesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Toldy Ferenc Hospital, 2700 Cegl\u00e9d, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7716-9590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Endre Botond","family":"Gagyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Hospital and Clinic, 1106 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Selye J\u00e1nos Doctoral College for Advanced Studies, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1359-8918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"B\u00e1nfalvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Lillik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Fej\u00e9r County Szent Gy\u00f6rgy University Teaching Hospital, 8000 Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2631-7458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana","family":"Creanga-Murariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700454 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9ka","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2276-7109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eszter \u00c1gnes","family":"Szalai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2861-2573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Obeidat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Szil\u00e1rd","family":"V\u00e1ncsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6978-4526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Bunduc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7622 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Digestive Disease and Liver Transplant Centre, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Hegyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7622 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Translational Pancreatology Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence for Research Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15639-5","article-title":"Fatal heart disease among cancer patients","volume":"11","author":"Stoltzfus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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