{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T01:22:35Z","timestamp":1775438555953,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Testicular germ cell tumors, particularly seminoma, represent the leading cause of cancer in men aged 15\u201340 years. The decision about adjuvant therapy relies on histological features with uncertain prognostic value. The Pituitary-Tumor-Transforming Gene 1 (PTTG1), which encodes the securin protein, is crucial in sister chromatid separation. Our previous in vitro studies demonstrated that PTTG1 nuclear expression promotes invasiveness, dedifferentiation, and neolymphangiogenesis in testicular seminoma. Methods: We conducted a hypothesis-generating retrospective observational study on 51 patients (aged 23\u201368) with testicular seminoma, with (43%) or without (57%) lymph node involvement, evaluating potential correlations between PTTG1 and currently known prognostic factors. Clinical and pathological data were collected, including lymph node involvement, recurrence, necrosis, rete testis invasion, vascular invasion, and adipose tissue invasion. An immunohistochemical scoring system assessing intranuclear PTTG1 expression was developed. Results: The PTTG1 score was related to lymph node metastasis and adipose tissue invasion. ROC curve analysis showed that the PTTG1 immunohistochemical score showed good discriminatory ability in identifying lymph node involvement (AUC = 0.939); the optimal cut-off was 4.0 (sensitivity 90.5%; specificity 57.1%), while the ROC curve for adipose tissue invasion was inadequate. Lymph node metastasis also correlated with necrosis; however, logistic regression confirmed that PTTG1 score was independently associated with nodal involvement (p = 0.002), regardless of tumor size and necrosis. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a correlation between PTTG1 expression and lymphadenopathy at diagnosis, independent of tumor size and T stage. It may reflect biological features associated with lymphatic dissemination and requires further investigation in larger prospective studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18071163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:19:32Z","timestamp":1775434772000},"page":"1163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intranuclear Peripheral Overexpression of Pituitary-Tumor-Transforming Gene 1: Immunohistochemical Biomarker of Lymph Node Involvement in Testicular Seminoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8444-0091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Vergani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"International Scientific Institute Paolo VI, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Pierconti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology and Histology, School of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1147-6114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlotta","family":"Pozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Merenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology and Histology, School of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Girardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7476-0737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Tenuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4048-9101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Benvenuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology and Histology, School of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8262-8376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Teveroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Gulino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino  Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio Massimo","family":"Magliocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Rocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino  Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9037-5417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Isidori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Pontecorvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Milardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"International Scientific Institute Paolo VI, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.27122","article-title":"Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A Review","volume":"333","author":"Singla","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pozza, C., Tenuta, M., Sesti, F., Bertolotto, M., Huang, D.Y., Sidhu, P.S., Maggi, M., Isidori, A.M., and Lotti, F. 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