{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T01:37:06Z","timestamp":1787621826577,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["IFPAWRI052023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IFPAWRI052023"]}]},{"award":["IFPAWRI052023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IFPAWRI052023"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003rfsp33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) arises from complex interactions among host genetics, androgen signaling, and microbial communities. Emerging genomic evidence supports the presence of microbial consortia within prostate tissue, suggesting that microbial genes, metabolites, and host\u2013microbe interactions may contribute to chronic inflammation, oncogenic signaling, and therapeutic resistance. Methods: We conducted a narrative review using targeted searches of PubMed and Google Scholar for studies published between 2020 and 2025, complemented by selected mechanistic reports published in March 2026. Human studies and experimental research providing mechanistic insights into prostate models were prioritized. Due to the heterogeneous methodologies, evidence was synthesized qualitatively, with an emphasis on genomic and signaling perspectives. Results: Low-biomass microbial DNA is consistently detected in prostate tissue. Proteomic analyses of Corpora amylacea suggest a \u201cfossil record\u201d of past infections through sequestered microbial DNA and antimicrobial proteins, potentially priming tissue for long-term carcinogenic processes, although contamination remains a key limitation. Recurrent bacterial and viral signals, including Cutibacterium acnes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, human papillomavirus, Epstein\u2013Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus, appear to converge on a restricted set of tumor-relevant pathways, including TLR\u2013NF-\u03baB, MAPK, PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR, cGAS\u2013STING, and p53\/pRb disruption. These interactions may promote cytokine production, oxidative stress, DNA damage, epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix remodeling, immune evasion, and resistance to therapy. The gut\u2013prostate axis further links intestinal dysbiosis and microbial metabolites with systemic IGF-1 signaling and castration resistance. Conclusions: Microbial genomic consortia in the prostate and gut may shape inflammatory, metabolic, and immune networks that influence PCa initiation and progression. However, most available data remain correlative and are limited by low-biomass sampling, contamination risk, and heterogeneous study designs. Future research should prioritize rigorous contamination control, longitudinal and prostate-specific mechanistic studies, and integrated multi-omic approaches to clarify causality and identify actionable microbial targets for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18081219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T07:29:29Z","timestamp":1776065369000},"page":"1219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Microbial Genomic Consortia in Prostate Cancer: Mechanistic Signaling, the Gut\u2013Prostate Axis, and Translational Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Eduardo","family":"P\u00e9rez-Campos Mayoral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma \u201cBenito Ju\u00e1rez\u201d de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4140-4661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"P\u00e9rez-Campos Mayoral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma \u201cBenito Ju\u00e1rez\u201d de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2182-2540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (SECIHTI), Facultad de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma \u201cBenito Ju\u00e1rez\u201d de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8502-7098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hector Alejandro","family":"Cabrera-Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma \u201cBenito Ju\u00e1rez\u201d de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico"},{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Tijuana, Tijuana 22414, Mexico"},{"name":"R&D Group, Vice Presidency Scientific Research & Innovation, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4203-5555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efr\u00e9n 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