{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T14:14:03Z","timestamp":1776694443237,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a rare indolent lymphoma with extremely limited population-level evidence on social and treatment correlates of survival. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using SEER (2000 to 2022) to evaluate OS in primary SMZL (ICD O 3 9689; spleen C42.2). We summarized baseline features and treatments and used Kaplan\u2013Meier and Cox regression. Results: The cohort included 3548 patients (mean age: 68.2 years; 53.6% female). Most were White (89.8%) and non-Hispanic (92.1%). The Ann Arbor stage was missing in 39.4%. Treatment included systemic antineoplastic therapy in 26.4%, beam radiation in 0.7%, and primary site surgery in 21.4%. At last follow-up, 56.8% were alive; non-Hodgkin lymphoma accounted for 15.8% deaths in the cohort, with substantial competing causes including heart disease (6.1%). In multivariable Cox analysis, OS was independently associated with age (HR 1.082 per year, 95% CI 1.072\u20131.091), male sex (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14\u20131.57), Hispanic ethnicity (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08\u20131.88), systemic antineoplastic therapy (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.18\u20131.70), divorced\/separated marital status vs. married (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.03\u20131.77), and stage IV disease (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.16\u20132.50). Race and year of diagnosis were not independently associated with OS in the adjusted model. Conclusions: In our large population-based analysis, OS in SMZL tracks with demographic and social variables and competing risks. Stage missingness and treatment selection limit causal inference for management effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18081300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T13:22:47Z","timestamp":1776691367000},"page":"1300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sociodemographic Factors and Treatment Patterns Associated with Overall Survival in Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study (2000\u20132022)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3566-0389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manas","family":"Pustake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7213-2166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oboseh","family":"Ogedegbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Trinity Health Ann Arbor Hospital, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8373-4290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atulya Aman","family":"Khosla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4978-8674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakditad","family":"Saowapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Iowa Health Care Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6202-0117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Arfat","family":"Ganiyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avi","family":"Harisingani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Loyola MacNeal Hospital, Berwyn, IL 60402, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nishant","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stevenson","family":"Ongsyping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center of El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2072","article-title":"Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: From genetics to management","volume":"127","author":"Arcaini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood J. 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