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However, the comprehensive clinical landscape and molecular dynamics of blast clearance and subsequent relapse remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate these dynamics. Methods: We conducted a two-phase observational study: a systematic pooled analysis of 66 adult AML SR cases (1990\u20132024) to define clinical triggers and outcomes and longitudinal molecular tracking of two institutional cases to map clonal shifts (with immune profiling for Patient 1 and genomic tracking for both). Results: In the pooled analysis, infection was the predominant trigger, accounting for 78.6% (95% CI: 65.6\u201388.4%) of SR events. The dataset showed male predominance and monocytic leukemia enrichment (57.6% [95% CI: 44.1\u201370.4%]), suggesting lineage-specific susceptibility. SR duration and relapse risk were independent of the infection trigger, AML subtype, or age. When integrated with these clinical patterns, institutional tracking was consistent with a biphasic evolutionary model: an acute IL-8 surge alongside NKT and CD4+ T cell activation coincided with blast clearance, as observed primarily in Patient 1. Subsequently, the emergence of TP53 or NRAS mutations within persistent DNMT3A-mutated clones during relapse raised the hypothesis that unresolved chronic inflammation could potentially exert selective pressure favoring resistant subclones. Such interpretations remain correlational and require prospective validation. Conclusions: Our findings outline a clinical\u2013evolutionary framework for AML SR. Remission durability likely relies on balancing acute immune activation with underlying clonal stability. These observational insights highlight complex immune-genomic crosstalk, generating hypotheses for future prospective investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18091398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:33:37Z","timestamp":1777376017000},"page":"1398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immune-Genomic Evolution in AML Spontaneous Remission: A 66-Patient Pooled Analysis and Longitudinal Clonal Tracking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yanping","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Hematological Diseases and Immune Microenvironment, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyuan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Hematological Diseases and Immune Microenvironment, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Hematological Diseases and Immune Microenvironment, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qirui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Hematological Diseases and Immune Microenvironment, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Hematological Diseases and Immune Microenvironment, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Hematological Diseases and Immune Microenvironment, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaolei","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Hematological Diseases and Immune Microenvironment, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Hematological Diseases and Immune Microenvironment, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4438-1768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunyan","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Hematological Diseases and Immune Microenvironment, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2014.970545","article-title":"Spontaneous remission of acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"56","author":"Rashidi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leuk. 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