{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:07:39Z","timestamp":1785434859046,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008982","name":"Qatar National Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NPRP8-2297-3-494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NPRP8-2297-3-494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["NPRP8-2297-3-494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NPRP8-2297-3-494"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01svaqq28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["08069119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["08069119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The immunological composition of the microenvironment has shown relevance for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in solid tumors but remains underexplored in acute leukemias. We investigated the significance of the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) bone marrow microenvironment in predicting chemosensitivity and long-term remission in pediatric patients. We analyzed 32 non-promyelocytic pediatric AML patients at diagnosis using a NanoString PanCancer IO 360 assay, RNA sequencing, and deep-phenotype flow cytometry analyses. The findings were validated using the pediatric TARGET AML dataset. A short signature of three interferon (IFN)-related genes (GBP1, PARP12, and TRAT1) distinguished patients with chemosensitive disease and reduced minimal residual disease after induction chemotherapy. The signature stratified patients overall, and within the clinically defined \u201cstandard-risk\u201d group, patients with high gene expression at diagnosis had significantly longer overall survival. The leukemia microenvironment associated with this signature showed enrichment of non-exhausted CD4+ and CD8+ T cytotoxic lymphocytes and expansion of CD8+ T effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) in patients with a favorable prognosis. Our results show the importance of the bone marrow microenvironment in pediatric AML and provide tools for a refined stratification of \u201cstandard-risk\u201d patients, lacking adequate risk-oriented therapies. They also offer a promising guide for tackling immune pathways and exploiting immune-targeted therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18091423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:31:56Z","timestamp":1777465916000},"page":"1423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Three-Gene Interferon Signature Predicts Sustained Complete Remission in Pediatric AML Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0966-7202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shimaa","family":"Sherif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aesha","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9238-5942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khadega","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darawan","family":"Rinchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Elanbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhanya","family":"Kizhakayil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6368-6746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Toufiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7715-3185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fazulur R.","family":"Vempalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Mina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Department and Cell Factory, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Comoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Department and Cell Factory, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8709-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kulsoom","family":"Ghias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehra","family":"Fadoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheanna","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Che-Ann","family":"Lachica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enas D. K.","family":"Dawoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Bibawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6525-4034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Sapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine\u2013Qatar, Medical Education Division, Doha 24144, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blessing","family":"Dason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anila","family":"Ejaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8644-2027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Y. 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