{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T01:03:02Z","timestamp":1779670982300,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The diagnostic field of prostate cancer (PCa) has undergone a significant evolution with the widespread integration of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and mpMRI-targeted biopsies (TBx). This approach has been shown to improve the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) while reducing the overdiagnosis of low-risk disease. However, a conceptual and clinical challenge, which can be referred to as the \u201cPrecision Paradox,\u201d has emerged. By directing biopsy cores almost exclusively into the most suspicious MRI lesions, clinicians may inadvertently overrepresent the biological significance of a limited high-grade component. This can lead to grade migration and pathological downgrading at the time of radical prostatectomy (RP). Although downgrading does not automatically equate to clinical overtreatment, it introduces prognostic uncertainty that complicates risk stratification for active surveillance (AS) and focal therapy. This conceptual commentary provides a critical perspective on this diagnostic issue. We synthesize recent meta-analyses to evaluate the true rates of grade mismatch associated with TBx and combined biopsy approaches. Furthermore, we discuss the spatial limitations of biopsy sampling, the pathological mechanisms driving grade discordance, and the clinical relevance of minor high-grade components such as cribriform architecture. Finally, we highlight the role of multi-omics and validated genomic biomarkers in risk models, ultimately fostering improved shared decision-making in the modern mpMRI era.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18111700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:30:33Z","timestamp":1779669033000},"page":"1700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Precision Paradox in Prostate Cancer Diagnostics: Grade Migration, Risk Misclassification, and Overtreatment in the mpMRI-Targeted Biopsy Era"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Micillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Casa di Cura Villa Delle Querce, 00040 Nemi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Steffani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Department, AOU Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Orecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Urology Unit, AOU Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Miano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Urology Unit, AOU Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Walser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sperling Prostate Center, Delray Beach, FL 33445, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7659-5392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Manenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Department, AOU Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2329964","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.23.29964","article-title":"PI-RADS Version 2.0 Versus Version 2.1: Comparison of Prostate Cancer Gleason Grade Upgrade and Downgrade Rates From MRI-Targeted Biopsy to Radical Prostatectomy","volume":"222","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"AJR Am. 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