{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:36:10Z","timestamp":1787027770795,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":216,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prostate cancer (PCa) is predominantly an acinar adenocarcinoma arising from the prostatic glandular epithelium, with tumor grade assessed using the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Group classification, reflecting the degree of glandular differentiation and underlying molecular heterogeneity. PCa exhibits wide clinical behavior heterogeneity, ranging from indolent disease to aggressive forms with poor outcomes. Accurate prognostic assessment is, therefore, essential for guiding treatment selection and monitoring disease progression. This review examines recent advances in imaging and non-imaging biomarkers that contribute to improved risk stratification, treatment planning, and disease monitoring. Particular attention is given to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI), positron emission tomography\/computed tomography (PET\/CT), positron emission tomography\/magnetic resonance imaging (PET\/MRI), computed tomography (CT), and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), evaluated for their capacity not only to detect disease but also to predict recurrence, progression, and survival outcomes. In parallel, the prognostic role of non-imaging biomarkers is discussed, including the prostate-specific antigen (PSA), histopathological grading, biochemical and inflammatory biomarkers, as well as genomic classifiers and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Emerging approaches such as radiomics, liquid-biopsy-derived molecular profiles, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based multimodal integration are highlighted for their potential to enhance individualized decision making. This review underscores the importance of combining imaging and molecular information to refine prognostic models and accelerate the translation of precision medicine in PCa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18111751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T12:31:56Z","timestamp":1779885116000},"page":"1751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biomarkers for Precision Prognosis in Prostate Cancer: Imaging, Molecular, and Integrated Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6850-9930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Khazaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Physique, de G\u00e9nie Physique et D\u2019optique, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et de G\u00e9nie, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6651-1079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Pouliot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6065-3113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"Archambault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Physique, de G\u00e9nie Physique et D\u2019optique, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et de G\u00e9nie, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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