{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T13:11:21Z","timestamp":1780319481747,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Cognitive dysfunction represents an emerging concern in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy recipients, yet longitudinal data using simple, clinically applicable tools are lacking. (2) Methods: We conducted a single-center prospective cohort study of consecutive adults with hematologic malignancies treated with commercially available CAR-T cell products between May 2023 and November 2025 at our center. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline (before the administration of lymphodepleting chemotherapy) (T1), 6 h after infusion (T2), at 3 months (T3), and at 6 months (T4). MoCA scores \u2264 25 and\/or MMSE scores \u2264 23 were considered indicative of impaired cognitive function. (3) Results: Thirty-six patients were enrolled in the present study, while cytokine release syndrome occurred in 33\/36 patients (91.7%), and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome of any grade occurred in 23\/36 (63.9%). At baseline (T1), cognitive impairment was identified in 12\/36 patients (33.3%) by MoCA. Following infusion (T2), 11\/35 (31.4%) exhibited cognitive impairment, while baseline cognitive impairment and older age were associated with early post-infusion cognitive dysfunction. Across follow-up (T3 and T4), no significant overall changes were observed in MoCA- or MMSE-defined cognitive status or in total test scores. However, abstraction in MoCA and attention\/calculation in MMSE showed time-dependent variation. (4) Conclusions: These findings support the use of simple longitudinal cognitive assessment in CAR-T recipients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18111803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T12:19:42Z","timestamp":1780316382000},"page":"1803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal Cognitive Assessment After CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8413-7367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evlampia","family":"Strongyli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endothelial Injury Excellence Centre, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9372-155X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Papakonstantinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2008-7954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Demosthenous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endothelial Injury Excellence Centre, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0011-6997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoi","family":"Bousiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endothelial Injury Excellence Centre, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Vardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endothelial Injury Excellence Centre, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Despina","family":"Mallouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endothelial Injury Excellence Centre, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5623-3335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Dolgyras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endothelial Injury Excellence Centre, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Batsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endothelial Injury Excellence Centre, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1783-5111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paschalis","family":"Evangelidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Kyriakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endothelial Injury Excellence Centre, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Masmanidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endothelial Injury Excellence Centre, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Giokaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endothelial Injury Excellence Centre, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1958-0063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Gavriilaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asimina","family":"Bouinta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endothelial Injury Excellence Centre, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Yannaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endothelial Injury Excellence Centre, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damianos","family":"Sotiropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endothelial Injury Excellence Centre, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sotirios","family":"Papagiannopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Neurology, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7319-2045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Kazis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Neurology, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3335-3019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasilios","family":"Kimiskidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Sakellari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endothelial Injury Excellence Centre, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8883-8208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Gavriilaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endothelial Injury Excellence Centre, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-00323-z","article-title":"Recent Advances and Discoveries on the Mechanisms and Functions of CAR T Cells","volume":"21","author":"Larson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kr\u00f6ger, N., Gribben, J., Chabannon, C., Yakoub-Agha, I., and Einsele, H. (2022). The EBMT\/EHA CAR-T Cell Handbook, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-94353-0"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2591","article-title":"CAR T-Cell Therapy: Full Speed Ahead","volume":"37","author":"Sermer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gavriilaki, E., Sakellari, I., Gavriilaki, M., and Anagnostopoulos, A. (2020). A New Era in Endothelial Injury Syndromes: Toxicity of CAR-T Cells and the Role of Immunity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113886"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1302","article-title":"Brexucabtagene Autoleucel for BTKi-Naive Relapsed\/Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Primary Analysis of ZUMA-2 Cohort 3","volume":"147","author":"Kersten","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804980","article-title":"Tisagenlecleucel in Adult Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"380","author":"Schuster","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000151","article-title":"Tisagenlecleucel in Relapsed\/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients without Measurable Disease at Infusion","volume":"3","author":"Bishop","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30864-7","article-title":"Long-Term Safety and Activity of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel in Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma (ZUMA-1): A Single-Arm, Multicentre, Phase 1\u20132 Trial","volume":"20","author":"Locke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3606","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021006922","article-title":"Real-World Evidence of Brexucabtagene Autoleucel for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma","volume":"6","author":"Iacoboni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02496-0","article-title":"Idecabtagene Vicleucel for Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Post Hoc 18-Month Follow-up of a Phase 1 Trial","volume":"29","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-136307","article-title":"CARTITUDE-1: Phase 1b\/2 Study of Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel, a B-Cell Maturation Antigen-Directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy, in Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma","volume":"136","author":"Madduri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3864","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-146646","article-title":"Phase I Study of PHE885, a Fully Human BCMA-Directed CAR-T Cell Therapy for Relapsed\/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Manufactured in <2 Days Using the T-Charge TM Platform","volume":"138","author":"Sperling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gavriilaki, E., Tzannou, I., Vardi, A., Tsonis, I., Liga, M., Gkirkas, K., Ximeri, M., Bousiou, Z., Bouzani, M., and Sagiadinou, E. (2025). Management Strategies for CAR-T Cell Therapy-Related Toxicities: Results from a Survey in Greece. Front. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1553966"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-018-0582-9","article-title":"Neurotoxicity Associated with CD19-Targeted CAR-T Cell Therapies","volume":"32","author":"Gust","year":"2018","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-0698","article-title":"Endothelial Activation and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Neurotoxicity after Adoptive Immunotherapy with CD19 CAR-T Cells","volume":"7","author":"Gust","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-024-05640-z","article-title":"The Critical Role of Endothelial Cell in the Toxicity Associated with Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy and Intervention Strategies","volume":"103","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024014027","article-title":"EASIX and M-EASIX Predict CRS and ICANS in Pediatric and AYA Patients after CD19-CAR T-Cell Therapy","volume":"9","author":"Zandaki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bvth.2024.100025","article-title":"EASIX and M-EASIX Predict Severe Cytokine Release Syndrome and Overall Survival after CAR T-Cell Therapy","volume":"1","author":"Gavriilaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Vessel Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023020578","article-title":"Immune Effector Cell\u2013Associated Hematotoxicity: EHA\/EBMT Consensus Grading and Best Practice Recommendations","volume":"142","author":"Rejeski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evangelidis, P., Tragiannidis, K., Vyzantiadis, A., Evangelidis, N., Kalmoukos, P., Vyzantiadis, T.-A., Tragiannidis, A., Kourti, M., and Gavriilaki, E. (2025). Invasive Fungal Disease After Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Immunotherapy in Adult and Pediatric Patients. Pathogens, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14020170"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1200\/OP-24-00823","article-title":"Long-Term Quality of Life, Cognitive Function, and Symptom Burden Among Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Recipients and Associated Cytokine Release Syndrome and Neurotoxicity","volume":"22","author":"Andersen","year":"2026","journal-title":"JCO Oncol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s44272-025-00044-0","article-title":"Management of Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) Following CAR T-Cell Therapy: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Bull."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strongyli, E., Evangelidis, P., Sakellari, I., Gavriilaki, M., and Gavriilaki, E. (2024). Change in Neurocognitive Function in Patients Who Receive CAR-T Cell Therapies: A Steep Hill to Climb. Pharmaceuticals, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17050591"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3978","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01992","article-title":"Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: ASCO Guideline","volume":"39","author":"Santomasso","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18997","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76055-9","article-title":"Description of Neurotoxicity in a Series of Patients Treated with CAR T-Cell Therapy","volume":"10","author":"Belin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2023.103126","article-title":"Cognition Following Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: A Systematic Review","volume":"140","author":"Kazzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neurological Management and Work-up of Neurotoxicity Associated with CAR T Cell Therapy","volume":"4","author":"Bonda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16174","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16174","article-title":"Patterns of Neurotoxicity among Patients Receiving Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy: A Single-centre Cohort Study","volume":"31","author":"Sales","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01992.x","article-title":"The Mini-Mental State Examination: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"40","author":"Tombaugh","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"CD011145","article-title":"Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the Detection of Dementia in Clinically Unevaluated People Aged 65 and over in Community and Primary Care Populations","volume":"2016","author":"Creavin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201083","article-title":"Long-Term Neurologic Safety in Patients With B-Cell Lymphoma Treated with Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy","volume":"99","author":"Ursu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies","volume":"335","author":"Altman","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00474-4","article-title":"Diagnosis, Grading and Management of Toxicities from Immunotherapies in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer","volume":"18","author":"Ragoonanan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.12.758","article-title":"ASTCT Consensus Grading for Cytokine Release Syndrome and Neurologic Toxicity Associated with Immune Effector Cells","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transpl."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A Brief Screening Tool for Mild Cognitive Impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.htct.2024.05.005","article-title":"Cytokine Release Syndrome after Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Review","volume":"46","author":"Zanini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hematol. Transfus. Cell Ther."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, M.W., Jeong, S.Y., Suh, C.H., Park, H., Guenette, J.P., Huang, R.Y., Kim, K.W., and Yoon, D.H. (2024). Incidence of Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity among Patients Treated with CAR T-Cell Therapy for Hematologic Malignancies: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Neurol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1392831"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"669","article-title":"Patterns of Use, Outcomes, and Resource Utilization among Recipients of Commercial Axicabtagene Ciloleucel and Tisagenlecleucel for Relapsed\/Refractory Aggressive B Cell Lymphomas","volume":"28","author":"Riedell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transpl. Cell. Ther."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03084-6","article-title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Nonrelapse Mortality after CAR T Cell Therapy","volume":"30","author":"Tix","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2025.2542867","article-title":"Cognitive Impairment in Hematology Patients Planned for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy","volume":"18","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023011896","article-title":"Clinical Features of Neurotoxicity after CD19 CAR T-Cell Therapy in Mantle Cell Lymphoma","volume":"8","author":"Nie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002287","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-002287","article-title":"Pooled Safety Analysis of Tisagenlecleucel in Children and Young Adults with B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"9","author":"Levine","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000241","article-title":"Systematic Evaluation of Neurotoxicity in Children and Young Adults Undergoing CD22 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy","volume":"41","author":"Shalabi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70236","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70236","article-title":"Baseline Cognitive and Neurological Status Does Not Modify the Occurrence of ICANS in CAR T-Cell Therapy for Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"32","author":"Ursu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e213501","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000213501","article-title":"Neurotoxicity in Patients with CNS Lymphomas Treated with CAR T-Cell Therapy","volume":"104","author":"Weiss","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/18\/11\/1803\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T12:38:13Z","timestamp":1780317493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/18\/11\/1803"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers18111803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers18111803","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}}}