{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T06:57:07Z","timestamp":1781161027212,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Marther fund"},{"name":"Mark Mobius fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Gemcitabine, cisplatin and durvalumab or pembrolizumab are standard first-line treatments for advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC). Older patients with BTC may be frail or have contraindications to cisplatin. At our institution, oxaliplatin has been used as an alternative to cisplatin. Methods: In this evaluation, we report the safety and efficacy of gemcitabine with oxaliplatin and durvalumab as a first-line treatment of BTC. The primary objective was overall survival (OS). Secondary objectives included time to progression (TTP), disease control rate (DCR), and the incidence of treatment-related toxicities. Results: Twenty-nine patients were included. The majority were Caucasian (97%) and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0\u20131 (97%). Median age was 72 years old. Sixty-six percent had intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Baseline renal insufficiency and\/or hearing impairment were the most common reasons for cisplatin contraindication. Median follow-up was 20.6 months. Treatment cycles were every 28 days with durvalumab (1500 mg) given on day 1 and gemcitabine (range 600 mg\/m2\u20131000 mg\/m2) plus oxaliplatin (median dose 70 mg\/m2) given on days 1 and 15. Median OS was 15.7 months (95% CI: 6.9-NA), median TTP was 6.7 months (95% CI 3.88-NA), and DCR was 76%. Median time on treatment was 3.15 months. Twelve patients (41%) required a dose adjustment, with myelosuppression as the most common toxicity. Conclusions: Oxaliplatin, in combination with durvalumab and gemcitabine, is a suitable platinum substitute for advanced BTC patients when cisplatin is contraindicated. Our analysis showed similar efficacy and no new safety concerns. Given the small sample size, our analysis is hypothesis-generating and calls for a larger prospective analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18121901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:50:58Z","timestamp":1781157058000},"page":"1901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Durvalumab with Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6073-0556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makenna A.","family":"Smack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Clinical Programs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7275-7008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane E.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Clinical Programs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianchun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunyoung S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubham","family":"Pant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9491-0587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed O.","family":"Kaseb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon G.","family":"Smaglo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Higbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zishou Ian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milind","family":"Javle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2025","volume":"75","author":"Siegel","year":"2025","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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