{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:10:21Z","timestamp":1785409821682,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00snfqn58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a prevalent sexually transmitted pathogen associated with pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and has been proposed as a potential contributor to carcinogenesis through chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling. The molecular mechanisms triggered by CT infection in fallopian tube cellular contexts and their relevance to ovarian cancer transcriptomes remain incompletely understood. Methods: We analyzed GSE109428, profiling primary human fallopian tube mesenchymal cells infected with CT, to identify differentially expressed genes and characterize affected pathways using g:Profiler and STRING protein\u2013protein association networks (confidence \u2265 0.7). To provide translational context, we computed ssGSEA scores in TCGA-OV for four signatures capturing IFN\/ISG, TNF\/NF-\u03baB, NOD\/innate immunity, and ECM programs, and evaluated inter-signature correlations and exploratory associations with overall survival (OS) and progression-free interval (PFI). Results: CT infection induced sustained inflammatory and interferon-associated transcriptional programs, with STRING networks highlighting cytokine hubs and a densely connected ISG module. Genes downregulated at 48 h post-infection (48-hpi) showed coherent enrichment for ECM organization and adhesion pathways. In TCGA-OV (n = 307), inflammatory and innate immune signatures co-occurred across tumors, with moderate correlations between TNF\/NF-\u03baB and NOD\/innate (\u03c1 = 0.591) and IFN\/ISG and NOD\/innate (\u03c1 = 0.534). Exploratory survival analyses showed no significant associations with OS or PFI in Kaplan\u2013Meier analyses or multivariable Cox models, including clinically adjusted and tumor microenvironment-adjusted specifications. Conclusions: CT infection induces sustained inflammatory and interferon-linked programs and coordinated repression of ECM networks in fallopian tube mesenchymal cells. Analogous immune transcriptional states co-occur in ovarian tumors, though the signatures evaluated did not yield robust prognostic signals in TCGA-OV. As this is an entirely in silico study without experimental validation, these findings should be treated as hypothesis-generating; thus, further mechanistic and experimental studies are warranted to clarify how CT infection-associated pathways may intersect with female tumorigenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18121920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T09:49:51Z","timestamp":1781257791000},"page":"1920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Exploratory In Silico Analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis-Induced Inflammatory, Interferon, and ECM Transcriptional Programs and Their Translational Context in TCGA Ovarian Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6525-1551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafaela","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PerMed Research Group, RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0708-6874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PerMed Research Group, RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Molecular Biology Department, SYNLAB Portugal, Rua Manuel Pinto de Azevedo, 401, 4100-321 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1283-1042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PerMed Research Group, RISE-Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.12.049","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer-Then and now, and beyond","volume":"189","author":"Hanahan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akk\u0131z, H., \u015eim\u015fek, H., Balc\u0131, D., \u00dclger, Y., Onan, E., Ak\u00e7aer, N., and Delik, A. 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