{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:18:37Z","timestamp":1785403117175,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Poland","award":["SUPS.RN.26.016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUPS.RN.26.016"]}]},{"award":["SUPS.RN.26.016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUPS.RN.26.016"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00krbh354","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Patients with liver cirrhosis remain at a persistent risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver decompensation even after hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication. Objectives: We aimed to assess survival, the occurrence of recompensation and de novo decompensation events, and hepatic and extrahepatic malignancies in patients with liver cirrhosis during long-term observation (LTO) after direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment. Methods: The study population consisted of 326 consecutive HCV-infected patients with liver cirrhosis treated with DAAs between 1 July 2015 and 30 June 2025 at a single tertiary hepatology center, of whom we followed 298 individuals for a median (IQR) of 4.4 (2.4\u20138.1) years after treatment completion. Results: Men predominated in the study population, with a median age of 60 (48\u201369) years. The vast majority of patients had at least one comorbid condition. Fifty of them (16.8%) developed malignancies during LTO, including 33 cases of HCC and 17 with extrahepatic malignancies. New cases of HCC were documented as late as 9 years after DAA therapy. Overall, 103 patients (34.6%) died during LTO; 51 deaths occurred in patients with malignancies. Liver recompensation was observed in 27.8% of patients, while 9.9% experienced de novo decompensation events during LTO. The survival curve showed a gradual decline in survival probability from 0.96 at 1\u20132 years to 0.70 at 5 years and 0.51 at 10 years. Conclusions: Patients with cirrhosis should remain under long-term hepatological monitoring after antiviral treatment, as they are still at risk of liver decompensation and the development of de novo HCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18132079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T08:43:57Z","timestamp":1782463437000},"page":"2079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk of Liver and Non-Liver Malignancy in HCV-Infected Patients with Cirrhosis After Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0938-1084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Zar\u0119bska-Michaluk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-516 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0352-9893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krystyna","family":"Dobrowolska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-516 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3394-1635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Flisiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-540 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinga","family":"Brzd\u0119k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Nicolaus Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7977-9797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Janczura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-516 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4713-0801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Rzymski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1180-9230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Brzd\u0119k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-516 Kielce, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2026, June 01). 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