{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T19:23:54Z","timestamp":1793993034547,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common, dose-limiting complication of cancer therapy and a major contributor to chronic neuropathic pain among cancer survivors. Although traditionally managed as a treatment-related toxicity, persistent CIPN frequently persists long after chemotherapy completion and is increasingly recognized as a major survivorship and palliative care challenge. This review synthesizes current mechanistic, clinical, and translational evidence and reframes persistent CIPN as a chronic neuropathic cancer pain syndrome. Methods: A narrative review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using PubMed\/MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, supplemented by manual review of key references and clinical guidelines. Emphasis was placed on mechanistic investigations, clinical management, survivorship, palliative care, and emerging therapeutic strategies relevant to CIPN. Results: Current evidence suggests that persistent CIPN reflects a multifactorial chronic neuropathic pain state involving neuronal injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroimmune activation, and maladaptive nociceptive signaling. Existing pharmacologic therapies provide limited symptomatic benefit and largely fail to address the underlying biologic mechanisms that contribute to symptom persistence. Emerging approaches involving mitochondrial-targeted therapies, neuroimmune modulation, biomarker-guided risk stratification, and multimodal supportive care suggest the potential for earlier intervention and disease modification rather than symptom palliation alone. Conclusions: Persistent CIPN should be conceptualized as a chronic neuropathic cancer pain syndrome rather than solely as a treatment-related toxicity. Future progress will likely require mechanism-informed therapeutic development, biologic stratification, earlier intervention, and survivorship-focused multidisciplinary care to improve long-term outcomes and quality of life in patients living with persistent CIPN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18142330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T02:32:08Z","timestamp":1784514728000},"page":"2330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Persistent Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy as a Chronic Cancer Pain Syndrome: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Limitations, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Reed Alexander","family":"Firestone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamin","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, H., Dan, Y., Nana, L., Dongqing, G., Junming, Z., and Xin, C. (2026). Incidence and influencing factors of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Neurol., 17.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1672180"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.19400","article-title":"Peripheral Neuropathy: A Review","volume":"335","author":"Mauermann","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kerckhove, N., Collin, A., Cond\u00e9, S., Chaleteix, C., Pezet, D., and Balayssac, D. (2017). Long-Term Effects, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, and Risk Factors of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathies: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Front. Pharmacol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00086"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2021.09.004","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and rehabilitation: A review","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"rapm-2024-106229","article-title":"Global estimates of prevalence of chronic painful neuropathy and moderate-to-severe neuropathy among patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 29 countries between 2000 and 2024","volume":"51","author":"Saini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01399","article-title":"Prevention and Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Survivors of Adult Cancers: ASCO Guideline Update","volume":"38","author":"Loprinzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2021.7026","article-title":"Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity in Cancer Survivors: Predictors of Long-Term Patient Outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Battaglini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boekhoudt, N.D., Mols, F., Simons, C., Querido, N.R., Breukink, S.O., Valkenburg-van lersel, L., Janssen-Heijnen, M.L.G., Keulen, E., Weijenberg, M.P., and Bours, M.J.l. (2025). Longitudinal associations of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy with psychological distress and health-related quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors: A prospective cohort study. J. Cancer Surviv.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-025-01906-1"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"428","article-title":"American Cancer Society Colorectal Cancer Survivorship Care Guidelines","volume":"65","author":"Oeffinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001540","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: Where are we now?","volume":"160","author":"Colvin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00242-2","article-title":"Management of common clinical problems experienced by survivors of cancer","volume":"399","author":"Emery","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makker, P.G., Duffy, S.S., Lees, J.G., Perera, C.J., Tonkin, R.S., Butovsky, O., Park, S.B., Goldstein, D., and Moalem-Taylor, G. (2017). Characterisation of Immune and Neuroinflammatory Changes Associated with Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170814"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.27627","article-title":"Breast cancer survivorship","volume":"130","author":"Valente","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24067","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.e24067","article-title":"Identifying patient characteristics associated with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) severity in a phase II clinical trial: A retrospective analysis","volume":"40","author":"Zhi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2014.04.004","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy: A comprehensive survey","volume":"40","author":"Miltenburg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-023-01107-4","article-title":"Evidence-Based Treatment of Pain in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy","volume":"27","author":"Alvarez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744806919840098","DOI":"10.1177\/1744806919840098","article-title":"Peripheral and central oxidative stress in chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain","volume":"15","author":"Shim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Pain"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Gan, Y., Au, N.P.B., and Ma, C.H.E. (2024). Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Front. Mol. Neurosci., 17.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2024.1345811"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.136087","article-title":"Mini-Review: Mitochondrial dysfunction and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain","volume":"760","author":"Doyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.07.032","article-title":"Bioenergetic deficits in peripheral nerve sensory axons during chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain resulting from peroxynitrite-mediated post-translational nitration of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase","volume":"154","author":"Janes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05463-7","article-title":"Chronic Oxaliplatin Treatment Induces CIPN in Mice via Activation of the TXNIP Pathway","volume":"63","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-025-00775-x","article-title":"Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"43","author":"Dehghani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cherchi, L., Zippo, A.G., Fantoni, L., Carozzi, V.A., and Marmiroli, P. (2026). From peripheral neurotoxicity to central dysfunction: Linking neuropathic pain and cognition in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Rev. Neurosci.","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2025-0146"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad339","article-title":"Role of pattern recognition receptors in chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain","volume":"147","author":"Araldi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153849","article-title":"A mechanistic framework for oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy: From neuronal vulnerability to neurotoxic persistence","volume":"821","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70078","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.70078","article-title":"Molecular Characterization of Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity: The Complex Spectrum of Painful Manifestations","volume":"30","author":"Pozzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-025-01390-3","article-title":"Does Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Fall Within the Spectrum of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome? A Narrative Review","volume":"29","author":"Malik","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31248","article-title":"Beyond symptomatic relief for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: Targeting the source","volume":"124","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.12.006","article-title":"Immune-mediated processes implicated in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy","volume":"73","author":"Lees","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16369","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16369","article-title":"Plasma neurofilament light chain levels in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity according to type of anticancer drug","volume":"31","author":"Velasco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.2340\/1651-226X.2024.39895","article-title":"Blood biomarkers for neuroaxonal injury and astrocytic activation in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy","volume":"63","author":"Adra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0243242024","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0243-24.2024","article-title":"Mu-Opioid Receptor (MOR) Dependence of Pain in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy","volume":"44","author":"Araldi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2026.116163","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: Mechanisms of toxicity and potential natural compounds-based therapeutics","volume":"215","author":"Kumaree","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trecarichi, A., Duggett, N.A., Granat, L., Lo, S., Malik, A.N., Zuliani-\u00c1lvarez, L., and Flatters, S.J.L. (2022). Preclinical evidence for mitochondrial DNA as a potential blood biomarker for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262544"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000382","article-title":"Preservation of muscle mass as a strategy to reduce the toxic effects of cancer chemotherapy on body composition","volume":"12","author":"Pin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Support. Palliat. Care"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.14210","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Mass Change During Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Jang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2018.08.02","article-title":"Sarcopenia associated with chemotherapy and targeted agents for cancer therapy","volume":"8","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Palliat. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-022-00749-4","article-title":"Bone-Muscle Crosstalk: Musculoskeletal Complications of Chemotherapy","volume":"20","author":"Hain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.14107","article-title":"Diagnosis of Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity: A Scoping Review","volume":"39","author":"Cerrone","year":"2025","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.H., Kim, K.H., Hyun, J.W., Kim, J.H., Seo, S.S., Kim, H.J., Park, S.Y., and Lim, M.C. (2022). Blood neurofilament light chain as a biomarker for monitoring and predicting paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with gynecological cancers. Front. Oncol., 12, Erratum in Front. Oncol. 2023, 13, 1279558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1279558.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.942960"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-34830-6","article-title":"Interleukin-6 as a keystone cytokine in experimental rat models of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity","volume":"16","author":"Tarasiuk","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024). NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Survivorship, Version 2.2024, National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Available online: https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/professionals\/physician_gls\/pdf\/survivorship.pdf."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.64.3809","article-title":"American Cancer Society\/American Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline","volume":"34","author":"Runowicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salah, H., Shaaban, A.H., Abdelrahman, M.A., Osama, H., and El-Kalaawy, A.M. (2026). Efficacy and Safety of Duloxetine with Gabapentin or Amitriptyline Versus Duloxetine Monotherapy in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Randomized Controlled Trial. Pharmaceuticals, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19040553"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics3020198","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN)","volume":"3","author":"Canta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, Y., and Smith, M.T. (2013). Pathobiology of cancer chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Front. Pharmacol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2013.00156"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2026.117715","article-title":"Paclitaxel impairs mitochondrial dynamics in human sensory-like neuron cells","volume":"508","author":"Schiess","year":"2026","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0364-7","article-title":"Depletion of Mitofusin-2 Causes Mitochondrial Damage in Cisplatin-Induced Neuropathy","volume":"55","author":"Bobylev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20960","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-04178-y","article-title":"A novel isoquinoline mitophagy inducer ameliorates paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in Drosophila and mouse models","volume":"15","author":"Im","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C214","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00276.2023","article-title":"Parkin-mediated mitophagy is a potential treatment for oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy","volume":"326","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Lustberg, M.B., and Hu, S. (2021). Emerging Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Therapeutics for Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13040766"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawashiri, T., Mine, K., Kobayashi, D., Inoue, M., Ushio, S., Uchida, M., Egashira, N., and Shimazoe, T. (2021). Therapeutic Agents for Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy; Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031393"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, N., and Lin, T. (2025). Innate immunity in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: Recent advances. Front. Pain Res., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2025.1642306"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03431-5","article-title":"Fucoidan reduces NET accumulation and alleviates chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy via the gut-blood-DRG axis","volume":"22","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflam."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31930","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c09429","article-title":"Fucoidan alleviates chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy via activating the Gas6\/MerTK signaling pathway to reduce neuroinflammation","volume":"73","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.03.020","article-title":"Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) in myeloid cells is a key driver for the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy","volume":"127","author":"Mckiver","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"281531","article-title":"Increased interleukin-6 activity associated with painful chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in women after breast cancer treatment","volume":"2010","author":"Starkweather","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nurse Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.160","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity","volume":"6","author":"Cavaletti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Starobova, H., and Vetter, I. (2017). Pathophysiology of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Front. Mol. Neurosci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00174"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2004.09.013","article-title":"Cisplatin preferentially binds to DNA in dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro and in vivo: A potential mechanism for neurotoxicity","volume":"18","author":"McDonald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.211","article-title":"Mechanism-based treatment for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain","volume":"10","author":"Sisignano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2011.04.012","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN): An update","volume":"82","author":"Argyriou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3919","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S470671","article-title":"Upregulation of NGF\/TrkA-Related Proteins in Dorsal Root Ganglion of Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Animal Model","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.2813","article-title":"Effect of duloxetine on pain, function, and quality of life among patients with chemotherapy-induced painful peripheral neuropathy: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"309","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.54.0914","article-title":"Prevention and management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in survivors of adult cancers: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline","volume":"32","author":"Hershman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"571","article-title":"Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Systematic Review and Recommendations","volume":"21","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2025.105014","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of 19 exercise interventions on symptoms, pain, balance, and muscular strength in patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"164","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Stud."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"28","article-title":"Exercise for Toxicity Management in Cancer-A Narrative Review","volume":"14","author":"Kleckner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Hematol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"615","article-title":"Eight-week, multimodal exercise counteracts a progress of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and improves balance and strength in metastasized colorectal cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Zimmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djx178","article-title":"Effects of Cryotherapy on Objective and Subjective Symptoms of Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathy: Prospective Self-Controlled Trial","volume":"110","author":"Hanai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"e44026","article-title":"The Safety and Efficacy of Cryotherapy in the Prevention of Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathy: A Systematic Review","volume":"15","author":"Hossain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"5005","article-title":"Cryotherapy for the prevention of weekly paclitaxel-induced peripheral adverse events in breast cancer patients","volume":"28","author":"Shigematsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s40780-016-0067-2","article-title":"The effectiveness of regional cooling for paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy","volume":"2","author":"Sato","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Health Care Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2019-0489","article-title":"Acupuncture for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial","volume":"25","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200681","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.0681","article-title":"Effect of Acupuncture vs Sham Procedure on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"3","author":"Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2010.03.022","article-title":"Pilot trial of a patient-specific cutaneous electrostimulation device (MC5-A Calmare\u00ae) for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy","volume":"40","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom Manag."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"2807","article-title":"Scrambler Therapy for the management of chronic pain","volume":"24","author":"Majithia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2009.0078","article-title":"NCCN task force report: Management of neuropathy in cancer","volume":"7","author":"Stubblefield","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2604","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.71.3552","article-title":"Falls, Functioning, and Disability Among Women With Persistent Symptoms of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy","volume":"35","author":"Horak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/18\/14\/2330\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T02:52:49Z","timestamp":1784515969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/18\/14\/2330"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers18142330"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers18142330","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]}}}