{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T01:31:08Z","timestamp":1786325468384,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy associated with rapid proliferation, early metastatic spread, and poor long-term survival. Despite high initial responsiveness to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, most patients experience relapse, and therapeutic progress historically remained limited. Recent years, however, have seen meaningful advances that are beginning to reshape the management of SCLC. In extensive-stage disease, the incorporation of PD-L1 inhibitors into platinum-etoposide chemotherapy has established chemoimmunotherapy as the first-line standard, while underscoring the continued need for more durable disease control. In limited-stage SCLC, consolidation durvalumab following concurrent chemoradiotherapy has emerged as a practice-changing strategy with significant survival benefit. In relapsed disease, DLL3-targeted therapy has opened a new therapeutic avenue, with tarlatamab demonstrating clinically relevant efficacy in previously treated extensive-stage SCLC and becoming the first approved bispecific T-cell engager in this setting. Alongside these milestones, ongoing investigation is focused on maintenance strategies, novel targeted agents, biomarker development, molecular subtyping, and more effective integration of systemic therapy with radiation-based approaches. Nevertheless, resistance, toxicity management, central nervous system involvement, and the absence of validated predictive biomarkers remain major barriers to sustained progress. This narrative review examines recent advances in the biology and clinical management of SCLC, with emphasis on practice-changing developments, emerging therapeutic platforms, and future strategies aimed at improving outcomes in this historically difficult-to-treat disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18162547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T01:20:03Z","timestamp":1786324803000},"page":"2547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Small Cell Lung Cancer in Transition: Recent Advances in Biology, Treatment, and Precision Medicine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3895-9474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supriya","family":"Peshin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9062-9761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehab","family":"Takrori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Sajid","family":"Mithani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepthi","family":"Devagudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Medicine, Adventist Health Hanford, Hanford, CA 93230, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph H.","family":"Yazji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, HCA Florida Oak Hill Hospital, Brooksville, FL 34613, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3062-2680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayse Gul","family":"Korkmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, HCA Florida Oak Hill Hospital, Brooksville, FL 34613, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adit","family":"Dharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, HCA Florida Oak Hill Hospital, Brooksville, FL 34613, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed Maher Mohammad","family":"Tayyem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid 22110, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaas Ibrahim","family":"Qadoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12566, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakshi","family":"Singal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society (2026, June 21). 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