{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T09:07:49Z","timestamp":1789117669546,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases\u2013National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2025ZD0548500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZD0548500"]}]},{"name":"Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases\u2013National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2025ZD0548504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZD0548504"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project","award":["TJYXZDXK-018A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TJYXZDXK-018A"]}]},{"name":"International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Program under the National Key R&D Program of China","award":["25YFGKHZ00180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25YFGKHZ00180"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Municipal Health Commission General Program","award":["TJWJ2023QN064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TJWJ2023QN064"]}]},{"award":["TJWJ2023QN064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TJWJ2023QN064"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02dkyzk90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Randomized trials support sublobar resection for selected small peripheral lung cancers, but real-world outcomes may vary by procedure type, nodal assessment, and pathological risk. Methods: We performed a two-stage real-world analysis. Stage 1 included 22,864 patients with lung adenocarcinoma \u22643 cm from a node-assessed N0M0 SEER cohort. Stage 2 included 872 patients with node-negative lung adenocarcinoma from a multi-institutional, single-center-dominant clinicopathological cohort. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS). Results: In SEER, sublobar resection was associated with higher all-cause mortality (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.23\u20131.38) and lung cancer-specific death (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.27\u20131.51). Procedure-specific estimates were smaller for segmentectomy than for wedge resection and were attenuated after adjustment for examined lymph-node count. In the clinicopathological cohort, the primary postoperative model showed a higher DFS hazard with sublobar resection (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.08\u20132.83), with a similar estimate after overlap weighting (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.08\u20132.85). However, the association was not statistically clear after propensity-score matching (HR 1.41, 95% CI 0.76\u20132.63), 60-month restriction (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.58\u20132.03), or restriction to a comparable-follow-up cohort (HR 1.57, 95% CI 0.88\u20132.78). The proportional-hazards assumption for DFS was violated, and late estimates were based on sparse risk sets and were unstable. The recurrence association was predominantly locoregional, and increasing Core-HRPF burden was associated with progressively worse prognosis. Conclusions: Real-world sublobar resection is a heterogeneous exposure. Observed outcome associations varied by procedure type, nodal assessment, analytical specification, and follow-up horizon and should not be interpreted as evidence that sublobar resection is intrinsically inferior to lobectomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18182941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T08:17:42Z","timestamp":1789114662000},"page":"2941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-World Outcomes After Sublobar Resection for Small Node-Negative Lung Adenocarcinoma: SEER Benchmarking and a Clinicopathological Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6657-4945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhao","family":"Jing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenbao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Guangzhi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9987-3837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Songxiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiaoteng","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Bin Hai Hospital, Peking University, Tianjin 300450, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9139-195X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lung Cancer Study Group, Ginsberg, R.J., and Rubinstein, L.V. (1995). Randomized trial of lobectomy versus limited resection for T1 N0 non-small cell lung cancer. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 60, 615\u2013622.","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00537-U"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02333-3","article-title":"Segmentectomy versus lobectomy in small-sized peripheral non-small-cell lung cancer (JCOG0802\/WJOG4607L): A multicentre, open-label, phase 3, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial","volume":"399","author":"Saji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212083","article-title":"Lobar or sublobar resection for peripheral stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"388","author":"Altorki","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30411-9","article-title":"Perioperative mortality and morbidity after sublobar versus lobar resection for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer: Post-hoc analysis of an international, randomised, phase 3 trial (CALGB\/Alliance 140503)","volume":"6","author":"Altorki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2023.12.008","article-title":"Sublobar resection vs. lobectomy for stage IA non-small cell lung carcinoma: Takeaways from modern randomized trials","volume":"117","author":"Kneuertz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e318206a221","article-title":"International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer\/American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society international multidisciplinary classification of lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Travis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36503","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000036503","article-title":"Micropapillary or solid component predicts worse prognosis in pathological IA stage lung adenocarcinoma: A meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.04.029","article-title":"Correlation between histological subtypes and prognosis in patients with early stage lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"155","author":"Chatzivasiloglou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2217\/lmt.14.10","article-title":"Utility of lymphatic invasion status for the prognosis of early non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"3","author":"Tsutani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lung Cancer Manag."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Z., Xiong, D.X., Yuan, E.Y., Cho, J.M., Bajaj, R., Bank, H.A., Chung, A.S., Mino-Kenudson, M., Sholl, L.M., and Lanuti, M. (2026). Resection outcomes according to pathologic risk in \u22642 cm invasive lung adenocarcinoma. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.06.023"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Elm, E., Altman, D.G., Egger, M., Pocock, S.J., Gotzsche, P.C., Vandenbroucke, J.P. (2007). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Med., 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040296"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2015.09.009","article-title":"The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for revision of the TNM stage groupings in the forthcoming (eighth) edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer","volume":"11","author":"Goldstraw","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Amin, M.B., Edge, S.B., Greene, F.L., Byrd, D.R., Brookland, R.K., Washington, M.K., Gershenwald, J.E., Compton, C.C., Hess, K.R., and Sullivan, D.C. (2017). AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, Springer. [8th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10474144","article-title":"A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk","volume":"94","author":"Fine","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.7819","article-title":"Overlap weighting: A propensity score method that mimics attributes of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"323","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"250","article-title":"Addressing extreme propensity scores via the overlap weights","volume":"188","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casiraghi, M., and Spaggiari, L. (2022). Editorial: Strategies of lymph node dissection during sublobar resection for early stage lung cancer. Front. Surg., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.895806"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-020-01345-y","article-title":"Lymph node assessment in early stage non-small cell lung cancer: Lymph node dissection or sampling?","volume":"68","author":"Darling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO-25-00610","article-title":"Phase III study of mediastinal lymph node dissection for ground glass opacity-dominant lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000630","article-title":"The 2015 World Health Organization classification of lung tumors: Impact of genetic, clinical and radiologic advances since the 2004 classification","volume":"10","author":"Travis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Royston, P., and Parmar, M.K.B. (2013). Restricted mean survival time: An alternative to the hazard ratio for the design and analysis of randomized trials with a time-to-event outcome. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-152"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4274","article-title":"The use of restricted mean survival time to estimate the treatment effect in randomized clinical trials when the proportional hazards assumption is in doubt","volume":"30","author":"Royston","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.2922","article-title":"Restricted mean survival time as a measure to interpret clinical trial results","volume":"2","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/17407745241254995","article-title":"Scaling and interpreting treatment effects in clinical trials using restricted mean survival time","volume":"22","author":"Karrison","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Trials"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pirlog, C.F., Costache, R., Parosanu, A.I., Orlov Slavu, C., Olaru, M., Popa, A.M., Iaciu, C., Nita, I., Motatu, P., and Cotan, H.T. (2023). Restricted mean survival time-can it be a new tool in assessing the survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors?. Diagnostics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13111892"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2024.10.002","article-title":"Risk factors for locoregional relapse after segmentectomy: Supplementary analysis of the JCOG0802\/WJOG4607L trial","volume":"20","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-012-0156-6","article-title":"Locoregional recurrence after pulmonary sublobar resection of non-small cell lung cancer: Can it be reduced by considering cancer cells at the surgical margin?","volume":"61","author":"Sawabata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gen. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2013.02.057","article-title":"Risk factor analysis of locoregional recurrence after sublobar resection in patients with clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"146","author":"Koike","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.2491","article-title":"Recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer with visceral pleural invasion: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Altorki","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiang, X.H., Chen, C.J., Wei, C.F., Zheng, Y.A., Lin, C.C., Lin, M.W., Chiang, C.J., Lee, W.C., Chen, J.S., and Chen, P.C. (2025). Sublobar resection versus lobectomy for small (\u22643 cm) NSCLC with visceral pleural invasion: A propensity-score-matched survival analysis from a nationwide cohort. Cancers, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17121990"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-025-17871-z","article-title":"Analysis of individual patient data demonstrates that sublobar resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy has equivalent prognosis to lobectomy in patients with stage I NSCLC with spread through air spaces","volume":"33","author":"Cheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003234","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2025-003234","article-title":"Sublobar resection or lobectomy for stage IA non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Dixon","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000896","article-title":"Differential efficacy of segmentectomy and wedge resection in sublobar resection compared to lobectomy for solid-dominant stage IA lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5750","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-23-711","article-title":"Impact of surgical margin after sublobar resection of lung cancer: A narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Nagano","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2025.108595","article-title":"Revisiting margin adequacy in sublobar resection for pure ground-glass opacity adenocarcinomas","volume":"205","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7228","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-09860-9","article-title":"ASO author reflections: Is wedge resection optimal for octogenarians with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer compared with lobectomy\/segmentectomy?","volume":"28","author":"Mimae","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2966","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-2024-2575","article-title":"Sublobar resection is non-inferior to lobectomy in octogenarians and older with stage IA non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr-24-191","article-title":"Segmentectomy versus lobectomy for ground-glass opacity dominant cT1N0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Lung Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.37.2185","article-title":"The novel histologic International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer\/American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society classification system of lung adenocarcinoma is a stage-independent predictor of survival","volume":"30","author":"Warth","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.06.001","article-title":"A grading system for invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma: A proposal from the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Pathology Committee","volume":"15","author":"Moreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.06.014","article-title":"The clinical impact of solid and micropapillary patterns in resected lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Yanagawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-015-5043-9","article-title":"Minor components of micropapillary and solid subtypes in lung adenocarcinoma are predictors of lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis","volume":"23","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13754","article-title":"Clinical implication of minimal presence of solid or micropapillary subtype in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thorac. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.15087","article-title":"Lung adenocarcinoma with micropapillary and solid patterns: Recurrence rate and trends","volume":"14","author":"Takeno","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thorac. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1159\/000488859","article-title":"Lymphovascular invasion increases the risk of nodal and distant recurrence in node-negative stage I-IIA non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"95","author":"Sung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2025.07.001","article-title":"Lymphovascular invasion is a predictor of postoperative recurrence or death in stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)","volume":"26","author":"Locke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Lung Cancer"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djt166","article-title":"Impact of micropapillary histologic subtype in selecting limited resection vs. lobectomy for lung adenocarcinoma of 2 cm or smaller","volume":"105","author":"Nitadori","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.09.008","article-title":"Procedure-specific risk prediction for recurrence in patients undergoing lobectomy or sublobar resection for small (\u22642 cm) lung adenocarcinoma: An international cohort analysis","volume":"14","author":"Bains","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.09.005","article-title":"Lobectomy is associated with better outcomes than sublobar resection in spread through air spaces-positive T1 lung adenocarcinoma: A propensity score-matched analysis","volume":"14","author":"Eguchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-05276-5","article-title":"The effect of resection margin distance and invasive component size on recurrence after sublobar resection in patients with small (\u22642 cm) lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"44","author":"Moon","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Surg."}],"container-title":["Cancers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/18\/18\/2941\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T08:31:02Z","timestamp":1789115462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/18\/18\/2941"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["cancers18182941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers18182941","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]}}}