{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:01:22Z","timestamp":1789999282508,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Little Princess Trust Project Grands 2021","award":["2021BLPT37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021BLPT37"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05yej1m85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["2021BLPT37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021BLPT37"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05yej1m85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012632","name":"Nazarbayev University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["211123CRP1601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["211123CRP1601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["211123CRP1601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["211123CRP1601"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/052bx8q98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs), including diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), present a significant medical challenge due to their aggressive nature and poor prognosis. Widespread overexpression of the interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-13R\u03b12) across gliomas makes it a promising therapeutic target. Method: Using epitope mapping through a molecular imprinting (EMMI) technique, we developed nanosized molecularly imprinted polymers (nanoMIPs) that specifically recognize different IL-13R\u03b12 domains. Results: Functional assays showed that nanoMIPs binding to the surface of IL-13R\u03b12 reduced glioma cell viability, while sparing non-tumor cells. Consistent with receptor-mediated interactions, these nanoMIPs were selectively accumulated onto glioma cells, a specificity validated using a reverse-epitope nanoMIP negative control (nanoMIP-1*). IL-13R\u03b12-specific nanoMIPs suppressed phosphorylation of ERK1\/2, AKT, and STAT3, disrupting major survival pathways. Moreover, these nanoMIPs activated the pro-apoptotic caspase-3\/7 pathway, confirming apoptosis induction. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that IL-13R\u03b12-specific nanoMIPs, without a pharmacological payload, exert strong anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on DMG cells. Collectively, nanoMIPs represent a robust, reproducible synthetic antibody nanoplatform for targeted therapies in cancer and other diseases characterized by cell-surface protein dysregulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18183028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:50:03Z","timestamp":1789995003000},"page":"3028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Payload-Free Epitope Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles Selectively Targeting IL-13R\u03b12 and Inhibition of Diffuse Midline Glioma Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9686-6279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damla","family":"Ulker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Near East Bvd, TRNC Mersin 10, 99138 Nicosia, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0195-3383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adem","family":"Ozleyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"},{"name":"T\u00fcrkiye Biotechnology Institute, Health Institutes of T\u00fcrkiye, 06270 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1074-9261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Pshezhetskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0122-1764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Piletska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1963-8840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvador","family":"Macip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanisms of Cancer and Aging Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"},{"name":"Epi4health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7111-2446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolai A.","family":"Barlev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 01000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2052-5763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey","family":"Piletsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Damodharan, S., Lara-Velazquez, M., Williamsen, B.C., Helgager, J., and Dey, M. 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