{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:58:40Z","timestamp":1791460720686,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013302","name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRC23R-661-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRC23R-661-08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013302","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["NRC23R-661-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRC23R-661-08"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009p8zv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancers"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Drug repurposing offers an efficient strategy to identify novel anticancer agents from marketed compounds. We screened a library of ~1400 approved drugs using a PPARE\u2013PPAR-\u03b1 luciferase reporter assay to uncover modulators of lipid metabolism that induce cancer cell death without direct binding to PPAR\u03b1. This primary screen identified 224 compounds inhibiting reporter activity by &gt;50%, of which 26 demonstrated \u226550% cytotoxicity in KAIMRC1 breast cancer and HCT116 colorectal cancer cells at 10 \u00b5M after 48 h incubation. AI-based DrTarget analysis classified these hits, with Group 1 comprising four previously unrecognized anticancer agents: antibiotics cefditoren pivoxil, tebipenem pivoxil, broxyquinoline, and cosmetic ingredient 1-hexadecanol. Dose\u2013response studies across KAIMRC1, HCT116, and SW480 cells revealed IC50 values as low as ~10 \u00b5M, comparable to daunorubicin, a well-known anti-cancer drug. Apoptosis profiling confirmed activation of intrinsic\/extrinsic pathways via cytochrome c, SMAC\/Diablo, TRAIL-R1\/DR4, and phospho-p53 modulation. Based on these findings, we propose the repurposing of Broxyquinoline, 1-Hexadecanol, Cefditoren Pivoxil, and Tebipenem Pivoxil as potential anti-cancer drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18193231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:26:53Z","timestamp":1791458813000},"page":"3231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Infection to Oncology: AI-Assisted Drug Repurposing Uncovers Anti-Infective and Excipient-Class Compounds as PPAR-\u03b1-Linked Anticancer Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0907-8440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoeb","family":"Ikhlas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3199-0428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amani","family":"Alsharidah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3946-6145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reem A.","family":"Alkhodier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0271-1618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Senar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine Learning Applied to Drug Discovery, DrTarget, C\/Alejo Carpentier 13, 28806 Alcal\u00e1 De Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1009-4031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Boudjelal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/347645a0","article-title":"Activation of a Member of the Steroid Hormone Receptor Superfamily by Peroxisome Proliferators","volume":"347","author":"Issemann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.4.1440","article-title":"Interaction of the Peroxisome-Proliferator-Activated Receptor and Retinoid X Receptor","volume":"90","author":"Gearing","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. 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