{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T09:31:49Z","timestamp":1772789509797,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity, a condition characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat, is a metabolic disorder related to an increased risk of chronic inflammation. Obesity is mediated by signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, which is regulated by genes associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality (GRIM) 19, a protein ubiquitously expressed in various human tissues. In this study, we investigated the role of GRIM19 in diet-induced obese C57BL\/6 mice via intravenous or intramuscular administration of a plasmid encoding GRIM19. Splenocytes from wild-type and GRIM19-overexpressing mice were compared using enzyme-linked immunoassay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and histological analyses. GRIM19 attenuated the progression of obesity by regulating STAT3 activity and enhancing brown adipose tissue (BAT) differentiation. GRIM19 regulated the differentiation of mouse-derived 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes, while modulating gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) and BAT. GRIM19 overexpression reduced diet-induced obesity and enhanced glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver. Moreover, GRIM19 overexpression reduced WAT differentiation and induced BAT differentiation in obese mice. GRIM19-transgenic mice exhibited reduced mitochondrial superoxide levels and a reciprocal balance between Th17 and Treg cells. These results suggest that GRIM19 attenuates the progression of obesity by controlling adipocyte differentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10010162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T12:44:05Z","timestamp":1610714645000},"page":"162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["GRIM19 Impedes Obesity by Regulating Inflammatory White Fat Browning and Promoting Th17\/Treg Balance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"JooYeon","family":"Jhun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8921-2832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin Seok","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Hee","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KyungAh","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, Impact Biotech, Seoul 137-040, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wonhee","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Catholic University Liver Research Center &amp; WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seon-Yeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Yoon","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Mee","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoon Ju","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyo Young","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyuk","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center and Cardiology Division, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4476-4868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Kew","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Catholic University Liver Research Center &amp; WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Hwan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi-La","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(00)00301-5","article-title":"Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ","volume":"11","author":"Ahima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. 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