{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:32:29Z","timestamp":1790836349421,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funds Baillet Latour","award":["Grant for medical research 2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant for medical research 2015"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002784","name":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Gut Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Gut Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Akkermansia muciniphila is considered as one of the next-generation beneficial bacteria in the context of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Although a first proof-of-concept of its beneficial effects has been established in the context of metabolic syndrome in humans, mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study aimed at deciphering whether the bacterium exerts its beneficial properties through the modulation of the endocannabinoidome (eCBome). Circulating levels of 25 endogenous endocannabinoid-related lipids were quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) in the plasma of overweight or obese individuals before and after a 3 months intervention consisting of the daily ingestion of either alive or pasteurized A. muciniphila. Results from multivariate analyses suggested that the beneficial effects of A. muciniphila were not linked to an overall modification of the eCBome. However, subsequent univariate analysis showed that the decrease in 1-Palmitoyl-glycerol (1-PG) and 2-Palmitoyl-glycerol (2-PG), two eCBome lipids, observed in the placebo group was significantly counteracted by the alive bacterium, and to a lower extent by the pasteurized form. We also discovered that 1- and 2-PG are endogenous activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR\u03b1). We hypothesize that PPAR\u03b1 activation by mono-palmitoyl-glycerols may underlie part of the beneficial metabolic effects induced by A. muciniphila in human metabolic syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10010185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T04:55:31Z","timestamp":1611032131000},"page":"185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Beneficial Effects of Akkermansia muciniphila Are Not Associated with Major Changes in the Circulating Endocannabinoidome but Linked to Higher Mono-Palmitoyl-Glycerol Levels as New PPAR\u03b1 Agonists"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Clara","family":"Depommier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier, 73 B1.73.11, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9243-1307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Maria","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4480-8370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio Arturo","family":"Iannotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5635-1545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristoforo","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre NUTRISS, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5944-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Flamand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Druart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier, 73 B1.73.11, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandine","family":"Everard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier, 73 B1.73.11, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0890-6320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rudy","family":"Pelicaen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier, 73 B1.73.11, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0918-637X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Maiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le EDIN, Institut de Recherches Exp\u00e9rimentales et Cliniques, UCLouvain, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Thissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le EDIN, Institut de Recherches Exp\u00e9rimentales et Cliniques, UCLouvain, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Loumaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le EDIN, Institut de Recherches Exp\u00e9rimentales et Cliniques, UCLouvain, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel P.","family":"Hermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le EDIN, Institut de Recherches Exp\u00e9rimentales et Cliniques, UCLouvain, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2115-6082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie M.","family":"Delzenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Av. 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Mounier, 73 B1.73.11, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0273-3166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willem M.","family":"de Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Di Marzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy"},{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre NUTRISS, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2040-2448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrice D.","family":"Cani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Av. 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