{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:47:45Z","timestamp":1790790465278,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81371997"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81371997"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Altered subchondral bone and articular cartilage interactions have been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA); however, the mechanisms remain unknown. Exosomes are membrane-derived vesicles that have recently been recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication. Herein, we investigated if OA subchondral bone derived exosomes alter transcriptional and bioenergetic signatures of chondrocytes. Exosomes were isolated and purified from osteoblasts of nonsclerotic or sclerotic zones of human OA subchondral bone and their role on the articular cartilage chondrocytes was evaluated by measuring the extent of extracellular matrix production, cellular bioenergetics, and the expression of chondrocyte activity associated marker genes. Exosomal microRNAs were analyzed using RNA sequencing and validated by quantitative real-time PCR and loss-of-function. In coculture studies, chondrocytes internalized OA sclerotic subchondral bone osteoblast derived exosomes and triggered catabolic gene expression and reduced chondrocyte-specific marker expression a phenomenon that is often observed in OA cartilage. RNA sequencing and miRNA profiling have identified miR-210-5p, which is highly enriched in OA sclerotic subchondral bone osteoblast exosomes, triggered the catabolic gene expression in articular cartilage chondrocytes. Importantly, we demonstrate that miR-210-5p suppresses the oxygen consumption rate of chondrocytes, altering their bioenergetic state that is often observed in OA conditions. These effects were markedly inhibited by the addition of a miR-210-5p inhibitor. Our study indicates that exosomes released by OA sclerotic subchondral bone osteoblasts plays a critical role in progression of cartilage degeneration and might be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in OA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10020251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T05:23:05Z","timestamp":1611811385000},"page":"251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Release Exosomes That Promote Cartilage Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia"},{"name":"Orthopedic Department, the Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane 4059, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1785-3491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia"},{"name":"Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzhan","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indira","family":"Prasadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.11.030","article-title":"Elevated cross-talk between subchondral bone and cartilage in osteoarthritic joints","volume":"51","author":"Pan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20883","article-title":"In situ measurement of transport between subchondral bone and articular cartilage","volume":"27","author":"Pan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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