{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:21:43Z","timestamp":1788175303101,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,31]],"date-time":"2021-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was financially supported by the government of Republic of Korea (Ministry of Science and ICT)","award":["NRF-2017R1E1A1A01072781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1E1A1A01072781"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nogo-A (Rtn 4A), a member of the reticulon 4 (Rtn4) protein family, is a neurite outgrowth inhibitor protein that is primarily expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). However, previous studies revealed that Nogo-A was upregulated in skeletal muscles of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Additionally, experiments showed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker, C\/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), was upregulated in gastrocnemius muscle of a murine model of ALS. We therefore hypothesized that Nogo-A might relate to skeletal muscle diseases. According to our knocking down and overexpression results in muscle cell line (C2C12), we have found that upregulation of Nogo-A resulted in upregulation of CHOP, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, while downregulation of Nogo-A led to downregulation of CHOP, IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1. Immunofluorescence results showed that Nogo-A and CHOP were expressed by myofibers as well as tissue macrophages. Since resident macrophages share similar functions as bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM), we therefore, isolated macrophages from bone marrow to study the role of Nogo-A in activation of these cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BMDM in Nogo-KO mice showed low mRNA expression of CHOP, IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 compared to BMDM in wild type (WT) mice. Interestingly, Nogo knockout (KO) BMDM exhibited lower migratory activity and phagocytic ability compared with WT BMDM after LPS treatment. In addition, mice experiments data revealed that upregulation of Nogo-A in notexin- and tunicamycin-treated muscles was associated with upregulation of CHOP, IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 in WT group, while in Nogo-KO group resulted in low expression level of CHOP, IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1. Furthermore, upregulation of Nogo-A in dystrophin-deficient (mdx) murine model, myopathy and Duchenne muscle dystrophy (DMD) clinical biopsies was associated with upregulation of CHOP, IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate Nogo-A as a regulator of inflammation in diseased muscle and bone marrow macrophages and that deletion of Nogo-A alleviates muscle inflammation and it can be utilized as a therapeutic target for improving muscle diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10020282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,31]],"date-time":"2021-01-31T04:53:00Z","timestamp":1612068780000},"page":"282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Nogo-A Is Critical for Pro-Inflammatory Gene Regulation in Myocytes and Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6874-3095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. M. Arif","family":"Ullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"},{"name":"Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"},{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. K.","family":"Elfadl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"},{"name":"Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 13314, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SunYoung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"},{"name":"Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Deuk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung-Jin","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"},{"name":"Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Yoon","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"},{"name":"Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Ho","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"},{"name":"Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Min","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"},{"name":"Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Hyuk","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"},{"name":"Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Jun","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"},{"name":"Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Chul","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Hong","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae-Seong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4876-1055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1725-638X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyu-Shik","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"},{"name":"Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"NF-\u03baB signaling in inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a001651","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001651","article-title":"The nuclear factor NF-\u03baB pathway in inflammation","volume":"1","author":"Lawrence","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullah, H.A., Zaman, S., Juhara, F., Akter, L., Tareq, S.M., Masum, E.H., and Bhattacharjee, R. (2014). Evaluation of antinociceptive, in-vivo & in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Curcuma zedoaria rhizome. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-346"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.3.263","article-title":"A chronic inflammatory response dominates the skeletal muscle molecular signature in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice","volume":"11","author":"Porter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.10283","article-title":"Effects of nitric oxide on notexin-induced muscle inflammatory responses","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2006.8.572","article-title":"The molecular inflammatory process in aging","volume":"8","author":"Chung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8972","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9972","article-title":"CX3CR1 deficiency promotes muscle repair and regeneration by enhancing macrophage ApoE production","volume":"6","author":"Arnold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29051","article-title":"An endoplasmic reticulum protein, Nogo-B, facilitates alcoholic liver disease through regulation of kupffer cell polarization","volume":"65","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12034","article-title":"Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease","volume":"496","author":"Wynn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.11.013","article-title":"Orchestration of metabolism by macrophages","volume":"15","author":"Biswas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2015.07.003","article-title":"Macrophage activation in human diseases","volume":"27","author":"Schultze","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.596957","article-title":"A novel isoform of met receptor tyrosine kinase blocks hepatocyte growth factor\/Met signaling and stimulates skeletal muscle cell differentiation","volume":"290","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302817","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of IGF-I gene transfer and IGF-I protein administration for enhancing skeletal muscle regeneration after injury","volume":"13","author":"Schertzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation through modulation of NF-\u03baB\/HIF-1\u03b1 signaling pathway","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2199","article-title":"Signal integration in the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response","volume":"8","author":"Ron","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.034","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease","volume":"140","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Defective endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts and bioenergetics in SEPN1-related myopathy","volume":"28","author":"Filipe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07203","article-title":"From endoplasmic-reticulum stress to the inflammatory response","volume":"454","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401373","article-title":"Roles of CHOP\/GADD153 in endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"11","author":"Oyadomari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0160ere\u0161, M., Pavl\u00edkov\u00e1, L., Boh\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1, V., Kyca, T., Borovsk\u00e1, I., Lakato\u0161, B., Breier, A., and Sulov\u00e1, Z. (2020). Overexpression of GRP78\/BiP in P-Glycoprotein-Positive L1210 Cells is Responsible for Altered Response of Cells to Tunicamycin as a Stressor of the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040890"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.02.003","article-title":"Stress management at the ER: Regulators of ER stress-induced apoptosis","volume":"134","author":"Gorman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.6b00181","article-title":"Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-ATF3-C\/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) cascade shows an essential role in the ER stress-induced sensitization of tetrachlorobenzoquinone-challenged PC12 cells to ROS-mediated apoptosis via death receptor 5 (DR5) signaling","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6245","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.10.6245","article-title":"C\/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) Is Crucial for the Induction of Caspase-11 and the Pathogenesis of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatio","volume":"176","author":"Endo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2013.06.028","article-title":"ER stress-induced cell death mechanisms","volume":"1833","author":"Sano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ra55","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002194","article-title":"The role of Nogo and the mitochondria\u2013endoplasmic reticulum unit in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"3","author":"Sutendra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.11.047","article-title":"A class of membrane proteins shaping the tubular endoplasmic reticulum","volume":"124","author":"Voeltz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0598-6","article-title":"Nogo-C regulates post myocardial infarction fibrosis through the interaction with ER Ca2+ leakage channel Sec61\u03b1 in mouse hearts","volume":"9","author":"Weng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12494","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411827200","article-title":"Nogo-A,-B, and-C are found on the cell surface and interact together in many different cell types","volume":"280","author":"Dodd","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-1166hyp","article-title":"A reticular rhapsody: Phylogenic evolution and nomenclature of the RTN\/Nogo gene family","volume":"17","author":"Oertle","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"E1943","article-title":"Nogo-A is a negative regulator of CNS angiogenesis","volume":"110","author":"Pernet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2004.01.004","article-title":"Nogo and axon regeneration","volume":"14","author":"Schwab","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/35000219","article-title":"Nogo-A is a myelin-associated neurite outgrowth inhibitor and an antigen for monoclonal antibody IN-1","volume":"403","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2936","article-title":"Functions of Nogo proteins and their receptors in the nervous system","volume":"11","author":"Schwab","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3553","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-09-03553.2002","article-title":"Patterns of Nogo mRNA and protein expression in the developing and adult rat and after CNS lesions","volume":"22","author":"Huber","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1020","article-title":"A new role for Nogo as a regulator of vascular remodeling","volume":"10","author":"Acevedo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2008.188","article-title":"In vivo modulation of Nogo-B attenuates neointima formation","volume":"16","author":"Kritz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2432","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.331","article-title":"Nogo-C regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis during mouse myocardial infarction","volume":"7","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-007-9190-3","article-title":"New mutations of Nogo-C in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.2002.0522","article-title":"Nogo provides a molecular marker for diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Dupuis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20420","article-title":"Nogo expression in muscle correlates with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis severity","volume":"57","author":"Jokic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27857","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.000950","article-title":"The NF-\u03baB factor RelB and histone H3 lysine methyltransferase G9a directly interact to generate epigenetic silencing in endotoxin tolerance","volume":"284","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59444-y","article-title":"The phosphatidylcholine transfer protein StarD7 is important for myogenic differentiation in mouse myoblast C2C12 cells and human primary skeletal myoblasts","volume":"10","author":"Horibata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1261","article-title":"Interleukin-10 prevents diet-induced insulin resistance by attenuating macrophage and cytokine response in skeletal muscle","volume":"58","author":"Hong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.3727\/096368916X691015","article-title":"Myod overexpressed equine adipose-derived stem cells enhanced myogenic differentiation potential","volume":"25","author":"Sung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-020-0584-2","article-title":"Loss of Ryanodine Receptor 2 impairs neuronal activity-dependent remodeling of dendritic spines and triggers compensatory neuronal hyperexcitability","volume":"27","author":"Bertan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"1","article-title":"NudCL2 regulates cell migration by stabilizing both myosin-9 and LIS1 with Hsp90","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nogo-A-targeting antibody promotes visual recovery and inhibits neuroinflammation after retinal injury","volume":"11","author":"Mdzomba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvr143","article-title":"CHOP is a multifunctional transcription factor in the ER stress response","volume":"151","author":"Nishitoh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4534","article-title":"Mechanical stretch-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis and inflammation contribute to thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection","volume":"236","author":"Jia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817914","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/817914","article-title":"Effects of Nogo-A silencing on TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 secretion and TH downregulation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated PC12 cells","volume":"2015","author":"Zhong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429439","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/429439","article-title":"Activation-inactivation cycling of Rab35 and ARF6 is required for phagocytosis of zymosan in RAW264 macrophages","volume":"2015","author":"Egami","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13395-019-0210-5","article-title":"Defective angiogenesis in CXCL12 mutant mice impairs skeletal muscle regeneration","volume":"9","author":"Hardy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Skelet. Muscle"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hardy, D., Besnard, A., Latil, M., Jouvion, G., Briand, D., Th\u00e9penier, C., Pascal, Q., Guguin, A., Gayraud-Morel, B., and Cavaillon, J.-M. (2016). Comparative study of injury models for studying muscle regeneration in mice. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147198"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2012.67","article-title":"C\/EBP homologous protein contributes to cytokine-induced pro-inflammatory responses and apoptosis in \u03b2-cells","volume":"19","author":"Allagnat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-013-2158-5","article-title":"Phenotypic differences between mdx black mice and mdx albino mice. Comparison of cytokine levels in the blood","volume":"155","author":"Stenina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6041","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv323","article-title":"Increased levels of interleukin-6 exacerbate the dystrophic phenotype in mdx mice","volume":"24","author":"Pelosi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491497","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/491497","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity and the role of inflammation in skeletal muscle repair","volume":"2013","author":"Kharraz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12350","article-title":"The role of skeletal muscle in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Loeffler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)00283-7","article-title":"C\/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) up-regulates IL-6 transcription by trapping negative regulating NF-IL6 isoform","volume":"541","author":"Hattori","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26607","article-title":"M2 Kupffer cells promote M1 Kupffer cell apoptosis: A protective mechanism against alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"59","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-019-00489-1","article-title":"The dual role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) in breast cancer: Molecular insights and therapeutic approaches","volume":"43","author":"Cruceriu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.142","article-title":"NF-\u03baB, inflammation, immunity and cancer: Coming of age","volume":"18","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20729","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1915950117","article-title":"Heterogeneous origins and functions of mouse skeletal muscle-resident macrophages","volume":"117","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43315","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43315","article-title":"An inflammatory gene signature distinguishes neurofibroma Schwann cells and macrophages from cells in the normal peripheral nervous system","volume":"7","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3669-6","article-title":"Cytokines induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in human, rat and mouse beta cells via different mechanisms","volume":"58","author":"Brozzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.H., Kwon, D.-Y., Kwak, J.-H., Lee, S., Lee, Y.-H., Yun, J., Son, T.G., and Jung, Y.-S. (2018). Tunicamycin-induced ER stress is accompanied with oxidative stress via abrogation of sulfur amino acids metabolism in the liver. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19124114"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-020-00384-x","article-title":"Nogo-A regulates myogenesis via interacting with Filamin-C","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"1","article-title":"Heterogenetic parabiosis between healthy and dystrophic mice improve the histopathology in muscular dystrophy","volume":"10","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/10\/2\/282\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:17:47Z","timestamp":1760159867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/10\/2\/282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,31]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["cells10020282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10020282","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-84136\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,31]]}}}